The free radical chemistry of cloud droplets and its impact upon the composition of rain

Chameides, W. L.; Davis, Douglas D.

doi:10.1029/jc087ic07p04863

Cited by 363 publications

(154 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Model studies have shown that cloud droplet losses of OH and HO2 could have important impacts on tropospheric chemistry [Chameides and Davis, 1982;Lelieveld and Crutzen, 1991;Jacob, 1986]. When cloud chemistry is included in these models, gas phase [OH] and [HO2] are reduced by up to 60% and 95%, respectively, compared with gas phase chemistry alone, depending on the pH and chemical composition of the cloud droplets.…”

Section: (R1) 0 3 + Hv --> O(1d) + 0 2 (R2) O(•d) + H20 --> 2oh (R3) mentioning

confidence: 99%

Photochemical modeling of OH levels during the First Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE 1)

Frost¹,

Trainer²,

Mauldin³

et al. 1999

J. Geophys. Res.

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Section: (R1) 0 3 + Hv --> O(1d) + 0 2 (R2) O(•d) + H20 --> 2oh (R3) mentioning

confidence: 99%

Photochemical modeling of OH levels during the First Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE 1)

Frost¹,

Trainer²,

Mauldin³

et al. 1999

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…Both N0 3 and N 2 o 5 possibly could be scavenged by surface reactions with aerosols (Chameides and Davis, 1982). Though the rates of these reactions are unknown, an upper bound can be found from kinetic theory.…”

Section: Aerosol-radical Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Assuming an N0 2 concentration of 0.100 ppm (Tuazon et al, 1981) and an OR radical level of 2x10-7 ppm (Chameides and Davis, 1982), daytime nitric acid production is about 3x10-4 ppm min-1 , less than the production of HN0 3 by reaction 46 after sunset at locations where the NO concentration is negligible (e.g. above the surface layer affected by fresh NO emissions).…”

Section: Nitric Acid Production At Nightmentioning

confidence: 99%

The dynamics of nitric acid production and the fate of nitrogen oxides

Russell

McRae

Cass

1985

Atmospheric Environment (1967)

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A mathematical model is used to study the fate of nitrogen oxides (NO ) emissions and the reactions responsible for the formation of nit~ic acid (HN0 3). Model results indicate that the majority of the NO inserted into an air parcel in the Los Angeles basin is removed by drJ deposition at the ground during the first 24 hours of travel, and that HN0 3 is the largest single contributor to this deposition flux. A significant amount of the nitric acid is produced at night by N 2 o 5hydrolysis. Perturbation of the N 2 o~ hydrolysis rate constant within the chemical mechanism results in reaistribution of the pathway by which HN0 3 is formed, but does not greatly affect the total amount of HN0 1 produced. Inclusion of N0 1 -aerosol and N 2 o 5 -aerosol reactions doe! not affect the system grea~ly at collision ~fficiencies, a, of 0.001, but at a • 0.1 or a •1.0, a great deal of nitric acid could be produced by heterogeneous chemical processes.Ability to account for the observed nitrate radical (No 3 ) concentrations in the atmosphere provides a key test of the air quality modeling procedure. Predicted N0 3 concentrations compare well with those measured by Platt et al. (1980). Analysis shows that transport, deposition and emissions, as well as chemistry, are important in explaining the behavior of N0 3 in the atmosphere.

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“…The rate constants of OH with dihydrated glyoxal is as large as 1.05×10 9 M −1 s −1 (Buxton et al, 1997) and the corresponding value for monohydrated methylglyoxal is reported to be 1.1 × 10 9 M −1 s −1 (Ervens et al, 2003b) and 0.53 × 10 9 M −1 s −1 (Monod et al, 2005). As for the origin of OH radicals in atmospheric water droplets, gas-phase OH radicals are thought to be the major source (Chameides and Davis, 1982) considering the Henry's law constant of ca. 30 M atm −1 (Sander, 1999).…”

Section: Oh + Toluenementioning

confidence: 98%

Fundamental Heterogeneous Reaction Chemistry Related to Secondary Organic Aerosols (SOA) in the Atmosphere

Akimoto¹

2016

Monogr. Environ. Earth Planets

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Citation: Akimoto, H. (2016), Fundamental heterogeneous reaction chemistry related to secondary organic aerosols (SOA) in the atmosphere, Monogr. Environ. Earth Planets, 4, 1-45, doi:10.5047/meep.2016.00401.0001. Abstract Typical reaction pathways of formation of dicarboxylic acids, larger multifunctional compounds, oligomers, and organosulfur and organonitrogen compounds in secondary organic aerosols (SOA), revealed by laboratory experimental studies are reviewed with a short introduction to field observations. In most of the reactions forming these compounds, glyoxal, methyl glyoxal and related difunctional carbonyl compounds play an important role as precursors, and so their formation pathways in the gas phase are discussed first. A substantial discussion is then presented for the OH-initiated aqueous phase radical oxidation reactions of glyoxal and other carbonyls which form dicarboxylic acids, larger multifunctional compounds and oligomers, and aqueous-phase non-radical reactions which form oligomers, organosulfates and organonitrogen compounds. Finally, the heterogeneous oxidation reaction of gaseous O 3 , OH and NO 3 with liquid and solid organic aerosols at the air-particle interface is discussed relating to the aging of SOA in the atmosphere.

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The free radical chemistry of cloud droplets and its impact upon the composition of rain

Cited by 363 publications

References 63 publications

Photochemical modeling of OH levels during the First Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE 1)

Photochemical modeling of OH levels during the First Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE 1)

The dynamics of nitric acid production and the fate of nitrogen oxides

Fundamental Heterogeneous Reaction Chemistry Related to Secondary Organic Aerosols (SOA) in the Atmosphere

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