The Formation of Macrometropolis in Brazil: Urbanization Process and the Construction of a Victorious Region

Abstract

<jats:p>Abstract The main aim of the current study is to investigate the formation of São Paulo Macrometropolis (MMP - Macrometrópole Paulista) through an urbanization process based on the origins of urban dispersion in São Paulo State. The object of the analysis lies on planning actions aimed at promoting urban dispersion from the 1910s to the 1980s, with emphasis on actions that turned the MMP into a privileged industrialization space. The herein adopted methodology focused on investigating the urban, cultural, social and historical aspects of MMP’s formation to help better understanding it at state and national scale, based on theoretical references of regional development and on the idea of a victorious region (BENKO; LIPIETZ, 1992). Conclusions point out to the definition of MMP as a productive competitiveness area defined by economic criteria that consolidate it as a successful core inserted in a broader, conflictive, culturally and socially complex region.</jats:p>

Metropolitan governance in the context of dynamic urbanization: the case of Brazil

“…However, the "maintenance of investment and priority inequalities by region" (Torres et al, 2020, p. 111) is evident, considering that the MRSP vector alone concentrates 67% of the total investments. These figures support the conclusion drawn by Tavares (2020), who states that the distribution of funds does not follow the idea of polycentricity (or balanced territorial development) but rather shows a preference for São Paulo and its metropolitan region.…”

“…The subsequent consolidation of the capital city as a global center for financial and corporate services followed in the 1990s (Abdal et al, 2019). The gradual displacement of industrial activities beyond the limits of the metropolis, establishing production centers along the highways and near the large inland cities, located within a radius of ∼150-200 km away from the city of São Paulo coincides even today with the limits of the so-called São Paulo Macrometropolis (SPMM) (Tavares, 2020).…”

“…More recently, it has become an object of investigation with a multi-and transdisciplinary character, seeing the macrometropolis as a socio-environmental system (Torres et al, 2019;Frey et al, 2020;Jacobi and Giatti, 2021;Jacobi et al, 2022). In terms of its institutionalization, although there are mentions of the macrometropolis since the late 1980s in official documents, the term was adopted in relation to sectoral programs and policies, i.e., it was not used in comprehensive, intersectoral plans (Tavares, 2020).…”

O desafio de definir indicadores para explorar a sustentabilidade do nexo entre água, energia e alimentos na Macrometrópole Paulista

“…Do ponto de vista ambiental, a região macrometropolitana abriga cerca de 20 mil km² de cobertura vegetal, dividida entre florestas plantadas para fins comerciais e patrimônio ambiental protegido por leis estaduais e federais. A MMP encontra-se numa região do país onde os índices de desenvolvimento humano costumam ser altos, mas mesmo apresentando um PIB elevado e uma extensa malha de empreendimentos de agronegócio e prestadores de serviços, a Macrometrópole é um território desigual por somar mais de dois milhões de pessoas em situação de vulnerabilidade em relação às precárias condições de habitação(CANIL et al, 2020;TAVARES et al, 2018) e acesso inadequado a recursos como água, energia e alimentos(VICTOR et al, 2018). As Figuras 1 e 2 mostram, respectivamente, um panorama geral sobre o uso da terra na MMP e a distribuição espacial do PIB municipal por km².…”