The formation of glucose from acetoacetic acid in rat kidney

Weil‐Malherbe, H.

doi:10.1042/bj0322276

Cited by 20 publications

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“…(32), in continuation of their interesting studies of fat metabolism in diabetes, investigated the formation of fermentable carbohydrate from acetoacetate by kidney slices from normal and depancreatized cats. In contrast to previous claims (33) , no forma tion of carbohydrate in normal rats and cats and in diabetic cats could be detected. There was no evidence for the conversion of fatty acids into carbohydrates by liver slices from diabetic cats.…”

Section: Glycerides and Fatty Acidscontrasting

confidence: 83%

Fat Metabolism

Chargaff¹

1942

Annu. Rev. Biochem.

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The present review covers only a part of the literature, since the majority of foreign journals have become unavailable in the past year. In a few cases the summaries published in Chemical Abstracts could be used, and this has been indicated in the bibliography. A consider able number of foreign publications had to be omitted.The present period in biochemistry is characterized by an increased emphasis on new tools rather than on definitive results. The possibili ties of the application of stable and radioactive isotopes, of the ultra centrifuge; the electrophoresis apparatus, etc., have occupied the at tention of a great number of workers. It is perhaps indicative of the present trend that the lipid metabolism in plants, unquestionably a fascinating and important subject in comparative biochemistry, is practically not mentioned in this review. GLYCERIDES AND FATTY ACIDSAbsorption.-Winter & Crandall (1) were unable to demonstrate the direct portal absorption of fatty acids in normal unanesthetized dogs. No significant differences between the fatty acid contents of portal and arterial blood (obtained by the angiostomy technique) were foun d in samples taken before and during fat absorption. A similar conclusion was reached by Little & Robinson (2) .Burr and co-workers (3) studied the absorption and transport of the methyl esters of fatty acids across the intestinal mucosa in adult rats. The acids were characterized by their content of spectroscopi cally distinguishable conjugated compounds produced by partial isom erization with alkali of the corn oil fatty acids. Both the neutral fats and the phospholipids of the mucosa were examined. In the first half hour of absorption more than 50 per cent of the acids of the neutral fat had exchanged, in contrast to only 3 per cent of the phosphatide fatty acids. The amount of tagged fatty acids in the neutral fat re mained fairly constant between one-haH hour and eight hours after absorption; the entry of fatty acids into the phospholipid fraction took place gradually and reached a maximum eight hours after absorption. 235Annu. Rev. Biochem. 1942.11:235-256. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org Access provided by University of Saskatchewan on 02/05/15. For personal use only.Quick links to online content Further ANNUAL REVIEWS

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Section: Glycerides and Fatty Acidscontrasting

confidence: 83%

Fat Metabolism

Chargaff¹

1942

Annu. Rev. Biochem.

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“…These concurrent syntheses interfere with each other as a given amount of energy divided among them. Though the syntheses have been detected in kidney (29,30), it is not probable that the inhibition is due to these interference, since acetate which is the most reactive among the substrates rather stimulates than inhibits the accumulation.…”

Section: ) the Stimulatory Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on Renal Tubular Transport

Koishi

1959

Japanese Journal of Pharmacology

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“…Under these circumstances the amount of excess oxygen consumption should have made little difference to their conclusions, unless it were assumed that gluconeogenesis from fatty acids went by an entirely different pathway than ketone for mation. This is not necessarily so in view of Weil-Malherbe's dem onstration (147) of the formation in vitro of sugar from acetoacetic acid by kidney slices. It should also be pointed out that Blixen krone-MS?lller (16) , in studies of perfused diabetic livers in which gluconeogenesis from fatty acids was found to occur, calculated that varying numbers of molecules of ketone (from one to four) could be derived from a molecule of fatty acid at different times.…”

Section: Soskinmentioning

confidence: 84%

Metabolic Functions of the Endocrine Glands

Soskin¹

1941

Annu. Rev. Physiol.

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This attempt at a brief review of the contributions of the past year to our knowledge of the metabolic functions of the endocrine glands must of necessity be selective rather than all-inclusive. This is not only because of the number of papers which have appeared, but also because many of the findings cannot yet be related to the pre-existing knowledge. For these reasons it has seemed desirable to limit the present discussion to the most pertinent literature concerning the influence of the pancreas, the adrenal cortex, the thyroid and the anterior hypophysis on the metabolism of carbo hydrates, fats, and proteins respectively.Since it is possible to make only the briefest mention of the related work which appeared before the period under considera tion, the reader is referred to certain review articles published during this time. Van Dyke's second volume on the pituitary gland (144) covers the international literature on the subject from 1935 to 1938. Collip (28) has discussed the significance of the various active fractions of anterior pituitary extracts. The influence of the pituitary gland on carbohydrate metabolism has been re viewed by Young (154) , and of the adrenal cortex by Long and associates (83). Raab (110) has considered the relation of the hor mones to fat metabolism.It is understood that the interpretation of new observations will often depend upon one's previous conception of the funda mentals of the subject. The writer has recently summarized some of his views on carbohydrate metabolism (126, 127). THE PANCREAS A more complete understanding of the influence of other hor mones on carbohydrate metabolism still awaits final agreement as 1 Th e help of Dr. R. Levine in the collection of the material for t " his review is gratefully acknowledged.543 Annu. Rev. Physiol. 1941.3:543-572. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org Access provided by New York University -Bobst Library on 02/08/15. For personal use only. Quick links to online content Further ANNUAL REVIEWS

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The formation of glucose from acetoacetic acid in rat kidney

Cited by 20 publications

References 5 publications

Fat Metabolism

Fat Metabolism

Studies on Renal Tubular Transport

Metabolic Functions of the Endocrine Glands

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