The forest resources of Nebraska.

Schmidt, Thomas L.; Wardle, Tom D.

doi:10.2737/nc-rp-332

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…We found that annual C flux in juniper woodlands lagged behind grassland flux by 325 g C·m Ϫ2 ·yr Ϫ1 (Table 2). In a six-state Midwest region (Kansas, Oklahoma, Indiana, Iowa, Missouri, and Illinois), if all the areas now undergoing juniper encroachment continue to closed-canopy J. virginiana woodland, nearly 5 million hectares (Bidwell et al 1989, Schmidt and Leatherberry 1995, Schmidt and Wardle 1998, Leatherberry et al 1999, Drake and Todd 2002 of abandoned agricultural fields and pastures would exhibit a downward shift in soil C efflux. To estimate the potential reduction in C flux that is occuring across the land area where juniper is replacing grassland, we multiplied the difference in woodland and grassland C flux by the number of hectares involved in juniper encroachment in these states.…”

Section: Vegetation-mediated Microclimate Drives Low Soil Respirationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This project expanded on these studies to examine soil CO 2 fluxes as woody species encroach into grasslands with the same regional climate and similar edaphic conditions. J. virginiana has been expanding throughout the lower Midwest in the last four decades (Graf et al 1965, Owensby et al 1973, Engle et al 1987, Gehring and Bragg 1992, Schmidt and Wardle 1998 in response to fire suppression due to suburbanization (Hoch et al 2002) and land fragmentation. Indeed, in much of the eastern Great Plains and lower Midwest, precipitation is adequate (700-1000 mm at Konza Prairie, Manhattan, Kansas, USA) to support woodland, provided that fire is suppressed (Hayden 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vegetation-Mediated Changes in Microclimate Reduce Soil Respiration as Woodlands Expand Into Grasslands

Smith

Johnson

2004

Ecology

115

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This study compared annual and growing-season in situ soil respiration and soil C cycling in paired juniper woodland and C 4 -dominated grassland sites in eastern Kansas (USA) to determine if, under similar edaphic and regional climate conditions, vegetation change alters soil CO 2 dynamics. We found marked differences in soil respiration related to vegetation: Growing season mean woodland soil respiration rates (4.6 moles· m Ϫ2 ·s Ϫ1 ) averaged 38% less than paired grassland sites. Soil moisture did not explain the difference in soil respiration between woodlands and grasslands. Soil temperatures at the 10-cm depth were 5ЊC cooler in woodlands during the growing season and significantly different between woodlands and grasslands throughout the year, explaining most of the low soil respiration in woodlands. However, there were subtle intrinsic differences in the response of soil respiration to temperature between woodlands and grasslands: Woodland and grassland respiration response was significantly different at the P ϭ 0.05 level, also indicated by a grassland Q 10 of 2.4 compared to 2.2 in woodlands. We found no significant differences between woodlands and grasslands in long-term (82-week) laboratory incubations of potentially mineralizable soil C and short-term incubations for microbial biomass C. Similarly, root biomass did not differ between woodlands and grasslands and could not explain the lower in situ woodland soil respiration. Thus, vegetation-mediated reduction in soil temperature under the canopy explained much of the lower in situ woodland soil respiration. Lower soil respiration in the woodland resulted in an annual flux of 533.6 (Ϯ21.7) compared to 858.4 (Ϯ14.5) g C·m Ϫ2 ·yr Ϫ1 in grasslands, nearly 38% lower in the woodland (means Ϯ 1 SE). Assuming root respiration is 50% of soil respiration, we estimate that the turnover of woodland soil C stocks may be slowed by 15 years relative to grassland. This suggests that, if juniper expansion (now occurring across nearly 5 million hectares in the Great Plains) proceeds to canopy closure, annual soil C flux may be potentially reduced by as much as 19 ϫ 10 6 Mg of C below C flux rates that occurred historically from tallgrass prairie soils.

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Section: Vegetation-mediated Microclimate Drives Low Soil Respirationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vegetation-Mediated Changes in Microclimate Reduce Soil Respiration as Woodlands Expand Into Grasslands

Smith

Johnson

2004

Ecology

115

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“…Expansion of woody species in areas where they were previously minor components is well documented on the edges of the NGP (Steinauer and Bragg 1987;Eggemeyer et al 2006;Spencer et al 2009;Barger et al 2011), where encroachment rates are some of the greatest in North America (Barger et al 2011). For example, the area in Nebraska with eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana L.) as a dominant species increased by 61%-an addition of 17,000 ha-between 1983 and 1994 (Schmidt and Wardle 1998) and is still increasing (Walker and Hoback 2007). A detailed study of outlier populations of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Lawson & C. Lawson) in southwestern North Dakota found that this species was gradually extending into grasslands, particularly on sandy soils and in wetter periods (Potter and Green 1964).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Woody Encroachment in Northern Great Plains Grasslands: Perceptions, Actions, and Needs

Symstad

Leis

2017

Natural Areas Journal

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“…• 1955 (Stone and Bagley 1961) • 1983 (Raile 1986) • 1994 (Schmidt and Wardle 1998) • 2005 (Meneguzzo et al 2008) • 2010 (Meneguzzo et al 2012) North Dakota…”

Section: Nebraskamentioning

confidence: 99%

Northern Great Plains Forests 2015

Meneguzzo¹,

Haugen²,

Walters³

et al. 2018

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The 2015 inventory of the forests of the Northern Great Plains States (Kansas, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota) reports more than 6.8 million acres of forest land and almost 2.2 billion trees. Forest land is dominated by the ponderosa pine and sugarberry/hackberry/elm/green ash forest types, which together occupy one-third of the total forest land area. The volume of growing stock on timberland currently totals 4.6 billion cubic feet. The average annual net growth of live trees from 2010 to 2015 was nearly 157 million cubic feet per year. This report includes additional information on forest attributes, carbon, timber products, and forest health. The following information is available online at https:// doi.org/10.2737/NRS-RB-116: 1) descriptive information on forest inventory statistics, methods, and quality assurance of data collection; 2) tables that summarize quality assurance; 3) a core set of tabular estimates for a variety of forest resources; and 4) a Microsoft ® Access database that represents an archive of data used in this report, with tools that allow users to produce customized estimates.

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The forest resources of Nebraska.

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Vegetation-Mediated Changes in Microclimate Reduce Soil Respiration as Woodlands Expand Into Grasslands

Vegetation-Mediated Changes in Microclimate Reduce Soil Respiration as Woodlands Expand Into Grasslands

Woody Encroachment in Northern Great Plains Grasslands: Perceptions, Actions, and Needs

Northern Great Plains Forests 2015

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