The forest biodiversity artery: towards forest management for saproxylic conservation

Abstract

One of the objectives of forest conservation is the set aside of unharvested areas. However, the fragmentation and lack of connectivity of protected areas make the integration of conservation measures in productive forests essential. Strategies to integrate conservation of saproxylic biodiversity in forest management have been developed, but often considering only specific aspects or remaining preliminary otherwise. As the impact of climate change and anthropogenic stresses increases, the development and the synthesis of this approach is crucial. We reviewed the key literature on forest management for biodiversity conservation, integrating forest science perspective to provide a practical management framework. Our goal is to present a management framework that could contribute to the effective preservation of forest insect biodiversity at the landscape scale, without high economic efforts, and addressing the conflicts that still jeopardize sustainable forest management. The results of our review support the creation of micro-reserves inside productive forests, to support large reserves in landscape conservation strategies. Micro-reserves increase the resilience of forest ecosystems to anthropogenic disturbances, through the development of a heterogeneous structure, maximizing microhabitat availability. Modeling forest management and harvest on local natural disturbance would extend the benefits of spatio-temporal heterogeneity in productive forests. Variable retention harvest systems, applied at the landscape scale, are a feasible and adaptable strategy to preserve and increase biodiversity, safeguarding structural legacies such as senescent trees and deadwood inside the productive matrix. The operational shift, from the stand to the forest landscape, is fundamental to extend the benefits of conservation measures. The Forest Biodiversity Artery, composed by several micro-reserves or îlots de senescence, connected by corridors of habitat trees and deadwood, constitutes a network that would deliver old-growth forests attributes to the productive matrix. This planning instrument would support forest connectivity, and socioeconomic constraints.

Long-term effects of single-tree selection cutting management on coarse woody debris in natural mixed beech stands in the Caspian forest (Iran)

“…As snags are future downed wood, the retention of large trees as future snags is recommended in managed forests to sustain wildlife populations that depend on these resources. A careful management of dead wood in actively managed forests may contribute to the conservation of biodiversity at the local level, and may allow to connect productive stands with forest area aimed to conservation (Mason & Zapponi 2015).…”

Coarse Woody Debris Variability Due to Human Accessibility to Forest

“…Numerous wildlife functions depend on decaying wood as a source of food, nutrients and protection for organisms at diverse trophic levels [72,[75][76][77][78]. Suitable density and different decay stages of snags are critical for the preservation of biodiversity and the constant functionality of forest ecosystems [40,79]. Müller et al [68] observed that many saproxylic beetles benefit from former fungal colonization, increasing species numbers in higher stages of wood decay.…”

Humusica 1, article 2: Essential bases—Functional considerations

“…1-Objects of the real world are organized in complex units made of smaller systems embedded in larger ones (theory and examples in natural environments, papers in English, French or Italian: Odum, 1953Odum, , 1997Johnson, 1998;Botkin, 1990;Zanella, 1995Zanella, , 1996Camaret et al, 2000;Saugier et al, 2001;Begon et al, 2005; few among many possible examples in forest ecosystems: Susmel et al, 1976;Susmel, 1980Susmel, , 1988Oldeman, 1990;Zanella, 1994;Carletti et al, 2009;Nocentini, 2011;Mason and Zapponi, 2015). Concerning humus systems, we would like to classify humus profiles observing features detectable in the field by the naked eye or with a 10×-magnifying lens.…”