The Food Insecurity–Obesity Paradox: A Review of the Literature and the Role Food Stamps May Play

Dinour, Lauren M.; Bergen, Dara; Yeh, Ming-Chin

doi:10.1016/j.jada.2007.08.006

Cited by 505 publications

(425 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…About 9% indicated that in the past year they ate less due to financial insecurity, while roughly 5% reported that they went hungry because they were not able to get out and purchase food. Neighborhood safety had a mean of 6.83 (range, [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]; the mean of neighborhood social cohesion was 12.29 (range, 5-20). The average walkability score among study sample respondents was 5.26 out of 8.0.…”

Section: Respondent Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 In addition, studies of elder subpopulations have associated levels of inadequate nutrition with depressive symptomatology 2 and lower cognitive function. 3 More broadly, the salience of food insecurity has been underscored by its links to cardiovascular risk, 4,5 self-rated health, 6 body mass index or obesity, [7][8][9] risk of emergent and overnight care, 10 and non-adherence to pharmaceutical regimes. 10,11 In older adults specifically, food insecurity has been found to predict poor nutritional outcomes, 12 including lower caloric intake, fewer meals per day, and foods lower in nutrients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Linking Neighborhood Characteristics to Food Insecurity in Older Adults: The Role of Perceived Safety, Social Cohesion, and Walkability

et al. 2011

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Among the 14.6% of American households experiencing food insecurity, approximately 2 million are occupied by older adults. Food insecurity among older adults has been linked to poor health, lower cognitive function, and poor mental health outcomes. While evidence of the association between individual or household-level factors and food insecurity has been documented, the role of neighborhood-level factors is largely understudied. This study uses data from a representative sample of 1,870 New York City senior center participants in 2008 to investigate the relationship between three neighborhood-level factors (walkability, safety, and social cohesion) and food insecurity among the elderly. Issues relating to food security were measured by three separate outcome measures: whether the participant had a concern about having enough to eat this past month (concern about food security), whether the participant was unable to afford food during the past year (insufficient food intake related to financial resources), and whether the participant experienced hunger in the past year related to not being able to leave home (mobility-related food insufficiency). Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression was performed for each measure of food insecurity. Results indicate that neighborhood walkability is an important correlate of mobilityrelated food insufficiency and concern about food insecurity, even after controlling the effects of other relevant factors.

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Section: Respondent Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking Neighborhood Characteristics to Food Insecurity in Older Adults: The Role of Perceived Safety, Social Cohesion, and Walkability

et al. 2011

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“…1 Food insecurity has been linked to increased risk of poor physical and mental health, developmental problems in children, as well as depression and diet-related diseases such as obesity, hypertension, and diabetes in adults. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Traditionally, food insecurity has been addressed through governmentfunded food assistance programs: the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP, formerly known as food stamps) and the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). Recently, considerable resources and research have been directed towards improving diet in low-income communities by increasing neighborhood access to fruits, vegetables, and other healthy foods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food Insecurity, Neighborhood Food Access, and Food Assistance in Philadelphia

et al. 2014

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An estimated 17.6 million American households were food insecure in 2012, meaning they were unable to obtain enough food for an active and healthy life. Programs to augment local access to healthy foods are increasingly widespread, with unclear effects on food security. At the same time, the US government has recently enacted major cuts to federal food assistance programs. In this study, we examined the association between food insecurity (skipping or reducing meal size because of budget), neighborhood food access (self-reported access to fruits and vegetables and quality of grocery stores), and receipt of food assistance using the 2008, 2010, and 2012 waves of the Southeastern Pennsylvania Household Health Survey. Of 11,599 respondents, 16.7 % reported food insecurity; 79.4 % of the food insecure found it easy or very easy to find fruits and vegetables, and 60.6 % reported excellent or good quality neighborhood grocery stores. In our regression models adjusting for individualand neighborhood-level covariates, compared to those who reported very difficult access to fruits and vegetables, those who reported difficult, easy or very easy access were less likely to report food insecurity (OR 0.62: 95 % CI 0.43-0.90, 0.33: 95 % CI 0.23-0.47, and 0.28: 95 % CI 0.20-0.40). Compared to those who reported poor stores, those who reported fair, good, and excellent quality stores were also less likely to report food insecurity (OR 0.81: 95 % CI 0.60-1.08, 0.58: 95 % CI 0.43-0.78, and 0.43: 95 % CI 0.31-0.59). Compared to individuals not receiving food assistance, those receiving Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits were significantly more likely to be food insecure (OR 1.36: 95 % CI 1.11-1.67), while those receiving benefits from the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) (OR 1.17: 95 % CI 0.77-1.78) and those receiving both SNAP and WIC (OR 0.84: 95 % CI 0.61-1.17) did not have significantly different odds of food insecurity. In conclusion, better neighborhood food access is associated with lower risk of food insecurity. However, most food insecure individuals reported good access. Improving diet in communities with high rates of food insecurity likely requires not only improved access but also greater affordability.

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“…13,14 Food insecurity, the limited availability of nutritionally adequate or safe food, or the inability to procure food in socially acceptable ways, 15 is an important form of socioeconomic marginalization. In the general population, food insecurity has been associated with many adverse health impacts, including poor nutritional status, [16][17][18][19][20][21] depression, [22][23][24][25][26] suicidal ideation, 26 obesity, 27 and increased cardiovascular risk. 28,29 Cross-sectional studies among non-HIV infected individuals in the US found that food insecurity is associated with postponing needed medications and care, increased emergency department use, and increased hospitalizations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food Insecurity Is Associated with Greater Acute Care Utilization among HIV-Infected Homeless and Marginally Housed Individuals in San Francisco

et al. 2012

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The Food Insecurity–Obesity Paradox: A Review of the Literature and the Role Food Stamps May Play

Cited by 505 publications

References 38 publications

Linking Neighborhood Characteristics to Food Insecurity in Older Adults: The Role of Perceived Safety, Social Cohesion, and Walkability

Linking Neighborhood Characteristics to Food Insecurity in Older Adults: The Role of Perceived Safety, Social Cohesion, and Walkability

Food Insecurity, Neighborhood Food Access, and Food Assistance in Philadelphia

Food Insecurity Is Associated with Greater Acute Care Utilization among HIV-Infected Homeless and Marginally Housed Individuals in San Francisco

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