The fluid manifesto: emergent symmetries, hydrodynamics, and black holes

In this paper we further develop the fluctuating hydrodynamics proposed in [1] in a number of ways. We first work out in detail the classical limit of the hydrodynamical action, which exhibits many simplifications. In particular, this enables a transparent formulation of the action in physical spacetime in the presence of arbitrary external fields. It also helps to clarify issues related to field redefinitions and frame choices. We then propose that the action is invariant under a Z 2 symmetry to which we refer as the dynamical KMS symmetry. The dynamical KMS symmetry is physically equivalent to the previously proposed local KMS condition in the classical limit, but is more convenient to implement and more general. It is applicable to any states in local equilibrium rather than just thermal density matrix perturbed by external background fields. Finally we elaborate the formulation for a conformal fluid, which contains some new features, and work out the explicit form of the entropy current to second order in derivatives for a neutral conformal fluid.

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“…[25] for a review. Their presence for fluctuating hydrodynamics has also been discussed recently in [16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Jhep09(2017)096mentioning

confidence: 88%

Effective field theory of dissipative fluids (II): classical limit, dynamical KMS symmetry and entropy current

Glorioso

Crossley

Hong

2017

J. High Energ. Phys.

104

229

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“…The need for ghosts and BRST symmetry can also be anticipated from results on the functional integral forms of stochastic equations [23], and has been emphasized recently [10,16] in the context of fluctuating hydrodynamics. 2 There are three different regimes for (1.4).…”

Section: Jhep01(2018)040mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The effective action I EFT incorporates dissipations and retardation effects from the bath of short-lived degrees of freedom (which have been integrated out) in a medium. Its general structure has recently been used to derive from first principle the local second law of thermodynamics [9], and a new formulation of fluctuating hydrodynamics has been proposed in terms of such an EFT [10,11] (see also [12][13][14][15][16][17]). See also [18] for a review of applications to driven open systems.…”

Section: Jhep01(2018)040mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emergent supersymmetry in local equilibrium systems

Gao

Liu

2018

J. High Energ. Phys.

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Many physical processes we observe in nature involve variations of macroscopic quantities over spatial and temporal scales much larger than microscopic molecular collision scales and can be considered as in local thermal equilibrium. In this paper we show that any classical statistical system in local thermal equilibrium has an emergent supersymmetry at low energies. We use the framework of non-equilibrium effective field theory for quantum many-body systems defined on a closed time path contour and consider its classical limit. Unitarity of time evolution requires introducing anti-commuting degrees of freedom and BRST symmetry which survive in the classical limit. The local equilibrium is realized through a Z 2 dynamical KMS symmetry. We show that supersymmetry is equivalent to the combination of BRST and a specific consequence of the dynamical KMS symmetry, to which we refer as the special dynamical KMS condition. In particular, we prove a theorem stating that a system satisfying the special dynamical KMS condition is always supersymmetrizable. We discuss a number of examples explicitly, including model A for dynamical critical phenomena, a hydrodynamic theory of nonlinear diffusion, and fluctuating hydrodynamics for relativistic charged fluids.

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“…Despite its universal utility in everyday physics and its pedigreed history, its theoretical development continues to be an active area of research even today. In particular, the new laboratory provided by gauge/ gravity duality has stimulated developments in hydrodynamics alone, including an understanding of universal effects in anomalous hydrodynamics [1][2][3], potentially fundamental bounds on dissipation [4,5], a refined understanding of higher-order transport [6][7][8][9][10][11][12], and path-integral (action principle) formulations of dissipative hydrodynamics [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]; see e.g. Refs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coupling Constant Corrections in a Holographic Model of Heavy Ion Collisions

Grozdanov

Schee²

2017

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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The conserved magnetic flux of Uð1Þ electrodynamics coupled to matter in four dimensions is associated with a generalized global symmetry. We study the realization of such a symmetry at finite temperature and develop the hydrodynamic theory describing fluctuations of a conserved 2-form current around thermal equilibrium. This can be thought of as a systematic derivation of relativistic magnetohydrodynamics, constrained only by symmetries and effective field theory. We construct the entropy current and show that at first order in derivatives, there are seven dissipative transport coefficients. We present a universal definition of resistivity in a theory of dynamical electromagnetism and derive a direct Kubo formula for the resistivity in terms of correlation functions of the electric field operator. We also study fluctuations and collective modes, deriving novel expressions for the dissipative widths of magnetosonic and Alfvén modes. Finally, we demonstrate that a nontrivial truncation of the theory can be performed at low temperatures compared to the magnetic field: this theory has an emergent Lorentz invariance along magnetic field lines, and hydrodynamic fluctuations are now parametrized by a fluid tensor rather than a fluid velocity. Throughout, no assumption is made of weak electromagnetic coupling. Thus, our theory may have phenomenological relevance for dense electromagnetic plasmas.

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The fluid manifesto: emergent symmetries, hydrodynamics, and black holes

Cited by 93 publications

References 97 publications

Effective field theory of dissipative fluids (II): classical limit, dynamical KMS symmetry and entropy current

Effective field theory of dissipative fluids (II): classical limit, dynamical KMS symmetry and entropy current

Emergent supersymmetry in local equilibrium systems

Coupling Constant Corrections in a Holographic Model of Heavy Ion Collisions

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