The Five-Level QDA Method in Practice

Background Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is the leading cause of maternal mortality in Malawi. Despite the presence of a centralized institution supplying blood and blood products for hospitals across the country, a lack of timely blood transfusion has been identified as a critical barrier to successful PPH management. This study aims to understand the factors that affect the blood delivery pipeline and adequate access to blood products for postpartum haemorrhage patients. Methods Qualitative data were collected through in-depth interviews with key stakeholders across the blood delivery pipeline. Interviews were conducted from July 2020 to January 2021 at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital and Mulanje District Hospital, a referral and district hospital respectively, as well as the Malawi Blood Transfusion Service. Line by line, open coding was used to perform a thematic analysis of the data using Nvivo and Atlas.ti software. Results Five key themes were identified: 1) Lack of blood availability due to an inadequate donor pool, 2) Transportation of blood products and PPH patients is impeded by distance to target sites and competing interests for blood delivery vehicles, 3) The Malawi Blood Transfusion Service has difficulty meeting demand for blood products due to inadequate funding and difficulty retaining blood donors, 4) Current PPH management protocols and practices lead to delays due to inconsistent guidelines on delivery and analysis of patient samples, and 5) Communication between health cadres is inconsistent and affected by a lack of adequate resources. Conclusions Barriers to timely blood transfusion for PPH patients exist across the blood delivery pipeline. While an investment of infrastructure would alleviate many obstacles, several solutions identified in this study can be implemented without additional resources, such as establishing joint department meetings to improve communication between health cadres. Ultimately, given a resource limited setting, it may be worth considering de-centralizing the blood supply.

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“…Data analysis was performed using the NVivo (author G.M.) and ATLAS.ti v8.1 (author R.F.S) software programs [ 21 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meeting demand—Obstetric hemorrhage and blood availability in Malawi, a qualitative study

et al. 2022

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“…However, narrative research is an emerging and evolving field with no single, clearly defined approach to data analysis (Meraz et al, 2019). The approach taken is said to depend on researcher perspective, other literature in the field and the underlying theory used to guide the choice of research topic and questions (Woolf & Silver, 2017). These conceptual perspectives and traditions form the framework for the analysis process and provide the foundation to assess the validity of narrative research (Riessman, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ti. (version eight) qualitative data analysis software was used to organise and structure the longitudinal narrative data collected (Woolf & Silver, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applying an Analytical Process to Longitudinal Narrative Interviews With Couples Living and Dying With Lewy Body Dementia

Bentley

Walshe

Salifu

2021

International Journal of Qualitative Methods

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Narrative research methods invite people to share their experiences via storytelling. There is increasing interest as to how qualitative narrative inquiry can provide greater understanding into the lived experience around health and illness, particularly within the field of dementia. Narrative research is concerned with how humans make sense of and engage with the changes and disruptions of everyday life. However, narrative research is an emerging and evolving field with no single clearly defined approach to data analysis. In this article, we provide a methodological exemplar by applying Murray’s four levels of narrative analysis to longitudinal narrative interviews completed with couples living with Lewy body dementia. We describe how to analyse connections between the four levels and how to articulate this across different interview time points. This analysis process contributes to methodological knowledge by providing a strategy to connect the personal, interpersonal, positional and societal levels of analysis. The time taken for in-depth analysis of a co-created, dyadic longitudinal narrative approach requires careful consideration, but ultimately, it can provide a richer understanding of the lived experience, allowing for deeper social, clinical and academic insight.

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“…When used to its fullest potential, ATLAS.ti lends itself well the varied nature of evaluation as no evaluation is precisely alike. Thus, to use ATLAS.ti most powerfully, Woolf and Silver (2018) developed a pedagogy, the 5LQDA method, whereby users develop their objectives and analytical plan and then match those conceptual elements to software operations or tasks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is a stepwise process to the 5LQDA method; however, it is not a qualitative method. Rather, the 5LQDA is a pedagogy designed to help users apply ATLAS.ti functions most powerfully throughout their project (Woolf & Silver, 2018). The 5LQDA method builds on the core principle of strategies and tactics , which help distinguish between “what you plan to do” and “how you plan to do it” (Woolf & Silver, 2018, p. 21).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementing QDAS Throughout an Evaluation Project Using the Five-Level QDA Method

Bower

2021

American Journal of Evaluation

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The purpose of this paper is to introduce the Five-Level Qualitative Data Analysis (5LQDA) method for ATLAS.ti as a way to intentionally design methodological approaches applicable to the field of evaluation. To demonstrate my analytical process using ATLAS.ti, I use examples from an existing evaluation of a STEM Peer Learning Assistant program. Aligned with the 5LQDA method for ATLAS.ti, I first contextualize the strategies used to develop the analytical framework (Levels 1 & 2) and then deconstruct the translation process (Level 3) of pairing conceptual strategies with software tools. I then demonstrate the potential of the software in terms of selected and constructed tools (Levels 4 & 5) and discuss the importance of choosing tools aligned with the project's conceptual strategies. This paper acts as a resource to convey the value of integrating 5LQDA for ATLAS.ti throughout qualitative evaluation by engaging in an iterative process that creates opportunity for engagement.

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The Five-Level QDA Method in Practice

Cited by 5 publications

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Meeting demand—Obstetric hemorrhage and blood availability in Malawi, a qualitative study

Meeting demand—Obstetric hemorrhage and blood availability in Malawi, a qualitative study

Applying an Analytical Process to Longitudinal Narrative Interviews With Couples Living and Dying With Lewy Body Dementia

Implementing QDAS Throughout an Evaluation Project Using the Five-Level QDA Method

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