The female, red Duroc pig as an animal model of hypertrophic scarring and the potential role of the cones of skin

Cytokine and Growth Factor mRNA Expression Patterns Associated with the Hypercontracted, Hyperpigmented Healing Phenotype of Red Duroc Pigs: A Model of Abnormal Human Scar Development?

“…6 Similar observations were confirmed in the present study because all skin wounds were filled with granulation tissue by 14 days postinjury and were completely reepithelialized by about 21 days postinjury. Additionally, all wounds contracted significantly in both the cranialÀcaudal and dorsalÀventral directions, were thickened, and exhibited dark pigmentation at the wound margins by 70 days postinjury (Fig.…”

“…7À12 The red Duroc model may therefore be used to elucidate the mechanisms associated with increased matrix deposition and wound contraction leading to scarring. In addition, as transdermal fat domes (cones) have been implicated in hypertrophic scarring and in the red Duroc scarring phenotype, 6 the comparison of deep dermal skin wounds (cones remain) and fullthickness skin wounds (cones removed) allows us to determine if this is indeed the case.…”

Axolotl as a Model to Study Scarless Wound Healing in Vertebrates: Role of the Transforming Growth Factor Beta Signaling Pathway

“…16 There is also the red Duroc pig that mimics hypertrophic scarring in humans. 17 The main advantages of the pig models as compared to the mice are as follows: (1) they are tight-skinned as mentioned above; (2) they heal by re-epithelialization over the accumulated granulation tissue after an inflammation phase; and (3) their larger size allows multiple wounds to be administered on a single animal, allowing experimenters to test different types of wounds or dressings. Since the pig is phylogenetically close to humans (Fig.…”

The Effect of Nano-Scale Topography on Keratinocyte Phenotype and Wound Healing Following Burn Injury

“…A statistically significant decrease in OGT was observed in membrane treated wounds at day 42 post burn. OGT, also known as the scar tissue layer 47 or wound inflammatory layer, 48 consists of proliferating fibroblasts and capillaries and initially has a loose structure that organizes with time to form a dense scar. It is believed that the amount of OGT in a wound is indicative of the extent of later scarring.…”