The feasibility and acceptability of various bovine brucellosis control strategies in India

Dhand, Navneet K.; Singh, Jaswinder; Josan, Harmandeep Singh; Jaswal, Nidhi; Tiwari, Harish Kumar; Kostoulas, Polychronis; Khatkar, Mehar S.; Aulakh, Rabinder Singh; Kaur, Manmeet; Gill, James S.

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2021.105291

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The religious and traditional practices of communities in India, meagre resources for justifiable compensation to the farmers, ban on cow slaughter, ineffective surveillance, and absence of effective treatment against brucellosis leaves vaccination of livestock as the only option to prevent and control the disease, which is also a cost-effective option [ 18 , 19 ]. Veterinary personnel who play a pivotal role in vaccinating livestock can be accidentally exposed to infections through needlestick injuries [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brucellosis in India: Comparing exposure amongst veterinarians, para-veterinarians and animal handlers

et al. 2022

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The exposure to Brucella species is an occupational hazard for veterinary personnel in India. In our previous study, paraveterinarians and animal handlers were found to be at higher risk of being seropositive. In the present study, we further investigate comparative exposure risk to brucellosis amongst the veterinary professionals, identify risk factors, and evaluate the perceptions and practices towards using adequate personal protective equipment (PPE) while attending high risk veterinary interventions. A cross-sectional study was conducted amongst veterinary personnel in the Punjab state of India. Logistic and negative binomial regression models were constructed to interpret the influence of categorical and numerical variables on prevalence of brucellosis and the adequacy of PPE use, respectively. Compared to veterinarians, animal handlers were less likely to consider veterinary practice in sheep and goats (odds ratio [OR] 0.3; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.2–0.7) or assisting in obstetric interventions (OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.1–0.8) as potential exposures. They were less aware of the signs and symptoms of the disease in humans (OR 0.05, 95% CI 0.02–0.14) and of the availability of vaccines for cattle (OR 0.07, 95% CI 0.01–0.3) than the veterinarians, and were least likely of the three groups to recommend vaccination of cattle against brucellosis to animal owners (OR 0.1, 95% CI 0.02–0.3). Compared to veterinarians, they were also less likely to consider zoonotic risk (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2–0.8) or better efficiency (OR 0.1, 95% CI 0.05–0.4) as enablers of PPE use during veterinary procedures. Of the three occupational groups, animal handlers were also less likely to use adequate PPE during high-risk veterinary exposures, although they were found to have handled the highest number of cases of abortion. The average use of adequate PPE during high-risk interventions in one month preceding this study was lowest for animal handlers. Veterinary personnel with a higher rate of PPE use during high-risk veterinary interventions were likely to obtain information on brucellosis from government sources ( p = 0.06) and felt that PPE use enhanced their professional efficiency (Incidence rate ratio [IRR] 3.3, 95% CI 1.5–8.1) compared to those who were less likely to use adequate PPE. We recommend concerted efforts to increase awareness amongst veterinary personnel, particularly amongst animal handlers, regarding brucellosis and the importance of biosecurity measures in veterinary practice. Designing training courses on the importance of PPE use along with formulation of biosecurity guidelines at local levels could help reduce the prevalence of the disease in veterinary personnel.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brucellosis in India: Comparing exposure amongst veterinarians, para-veterinarians and animal handlers

et al. 2022

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“…India is also home to approximately 18% of the world’s human population and it is therefore likely that a significant proportion of the global burden of brucellosis infections in both people and cattle occurs here (15,16). Control of brucellosis, and other cattle diseases, is particularly complex in India, where slaughter of cattle is not usually acceptable and is illegal in several states (11,14). Brucellosis control has gained interest from Indian policymakers in recent years; a pilot programme termed the ‘ Brucella free village’ was launched in 2016; aiming to eliminate brucellosis within 50 selected villages in 10 states (17).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…India is the world's leading milk producer, with the world's largest bovine population that are kept predominantly in smallholder systems. Bovine brucellosis is considered endemic throughout the subcontinent (7,(10)(11)(12)(13), however, high quality epidemiological studies are lacking (14). India is also home to approximately 18% of the world's human population and it is therefore likely that a significant proportion of the global burden of brucellosis infections in both people and cattle occurs here (15,16).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic model of bovine brucellosis to investigate control strategies in endemic settings

Holt

Walker

Beavais³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Brucellosis imposes substantial impacts on livestock production and public health worldwide. A stochastic, age-structured model incorporating herd demographics was developed describing within- and between- herd transmission of Brucella abortus in dairy cattle herds. The model was fitted to data from a cross-sectional study conducted in Punjab State of India and used to evaluate the effectiveness of control strategies under consideration. Based on model results, stakeholder acceptance and constraints regarding vaccine supply, vaccination of replacement calves in large farms should be prioritised. Test and removal applied at early stages of the control programme where seroprevalence is high would not constitute an effective use of resources. Critically, under current model assumptions, significant numbers of animals "removed" (culled or not used for breeding) in this strategy would be removed based on false positive results. To achieve sustained reductions in brucellosis, policymakers must commit to maintaining vaccination in the long term, which may eventually reduce frequency of infection in the livestock reservoir to a low enough level for elimination to be a realistic objective. This exercise provided important insights into the control of brucellosis in India, which has the largest cattle population globally, and a general framework for evaluating control strategies in endemic settings.

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“…Bovine brucellosis causes substantial losses in dairy and beef cattle farms through reproductive inefficiencies and pregnancy loses. Brucellosis is often linked to cow and heifer infertility, inflammation of the accessory sex glands and orchitis in bulls (Sandengu, 2018;Dhand et al 2021;Tulu, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors and Occurrence of Bovine Brucellosis in the Limpopo Province, South Africa

Seanego

Tyasi

Dhau

et al. 2022

IJAR

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Background: Bovine brucellosis causes substantial loses in livestock production systems through abortions and infertility. The aim of this study was to determine whether the occurrence of bovine brucellosis is influenced by climatic variabilities. Methods: Data on confirmed cases of bovine brucellosis from the year 2013 to 2018 was retrieved from the Limpopo Department of Agriculture Land Reform and Rural Development. Temperature and rainfall data was retrieved from the South African Weather Services. A semi structured questionnaire was used to gather information on management related risk factors from 60 purposively selected farmers. Data were analysed using microsoft excel, simple linear regression, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and Mann-Kendall test. Result: The average occurrence rate of bovine brucellosis was 3.96%. Simple linear regression coefficient analysis indicated a non-significant (p greater than 0.05) effect of temperature and rainfall variabilities on occurrence of bovine brucellosis. Seventy seven per cent of cattle farmers were aware of bovine brucellosis and 83% experienced cases of abortion in their herds.

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The feasibility and acceptability of various bovine brucellosis control strategies in India

Cited by 7 publications

References 30 publications

Brucellosis in India: Comparing exposure amongst veterinarians, para-veterinarians and animal handlers

Brucellosis in India: Comparing exposure amongst veterinarians, para-veterinarians and animal handlers

Dynamic model of bovine brucellosis to investigate control strategies in endemic settings

Risk Factors and Occurrence of Bovine Brucellosis in the Limpopo Province, South Africa

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