The expression of immune-regulatory genes in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, during amoebic gill disease (AGD)

Bridle, Andrew R.; Morrison, Richard N.; Nowak, Barbara F.

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2005.05.014

Cited by 82 publications

(48 citation statements)

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“…Carp infection studies with Trypanoplasma borreli and Trypanosoma carassii showed different reactions suggesting that macrophages of carp are able to a differentiated polarization (Joerink et al 2006a). In further studies, increased expression levels of iNOS were detected at 7 days after infection with viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (Tafalla et al 2005) and amoebic gill disease (Bridle et al 2006). Furthermore, after 4 days, but significantly not before 8 days after infection with Gyrodactylus derjavini, increased expression levels of iNOS were found .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Expression of immune-regulatory genes, arginase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), in two rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) strains following exposure to Myxobolus cerebralis

2009

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The present endeavor was conducted to evaluate the role of activated macrophage in the susceptibility of two different rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) strains, a susceptible American (T) and a more resistant German (H), to infection with Myxobolus cerebralis. Arginase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) genes were used as references to the alternative and classical pathway of macrophage activation. The expression level of both genes was measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The expression level of arginase-2 was significantly upregulated in strain T at 2 h and 8 days post exposure in the strain H. In case of iNOS, the expression level was significantly upregulated from 24 h to 8 days p.e. in strain T and only in 8 days p.e. in strain H. During this study also, the influence of nitric oxide (NO) on the viability of the triactinomyxon spores (TAMs) of M. cerebralis was evaluated using the NO-donor S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine (SNAP). Rising final concentrations of SNAP from 0.25 to 1 mM at 2, 4, and 24 h resulted in increasing numbers of propidium iodide-positive TAMs detected. The results of this study suggest an inability of strain T to react with an effective immune response against infection with M. cerebralis. Furthermore, the TAMs of M. cerebralis react with significant decrease of viable spores to rising concentration of SNAP and longer incubation, but there is also evidence for some resistance to NO activity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Expression of immune-regulatory genes, arginase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), in two rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) strains following exposure to Myxobolus cerebralis

2009

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“…4 Relative expression of TGF-β in real-time PCR of infected and noninfected (control) rainbow trout of both strains H and T (at the time point of exposure to M. cerebralis, all fish were 42 days old). Bars represent the mean relative expression (n=2; +SD) (Bridle et al 2006). After infection of rainbow trout with viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), up-regulation was also seen (Tafalla et al 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The number of studies on the expression of immune-regulatory genes in fish infected with various pathogens, and their involvement in specific disease processes, is rapidly increasing (Purcell et al 2004;Holland et al 2003;Sigh et al 2004a,b;Lindenstrom et al 2003Lindenstrom et al , 2004Bridle et al 2006). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative quantification of immune-regulatory genes in two rainbow trout strains, Oncorhynchus mykiss, after exposure to Myxobolus cerebralis, the causative agent of whirling disease

Severin¹,

El-Matbouli²

2007

Parasitol Res

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Expression of immune-regulatory genes that code for cyclooxigenase-2 (COX-2), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), and two isoforms of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta1 and IL-1beta2) was studied in susceptible and non-susceptible rainbow trout strains for 200 days after exposure to Myxobolus cerebralis. Expression of COX-2, IL-1beta1, and IL-1beta2 increased 5 min post exposure (p.e.) and was always more elevated in the susceptible strain than in the non-susceptible strain. In both strains, expression of COX-2 returned to the control level within a few hours p.e. Expression of IL-1beta1 and IL-1beta2 showed two elevated waves in both strains until 4 days p.e. Expression of TGF-beta in the non-susceptible strain was elevated at nearly all sampling points, but was decreased in the susceptible strain until up-regulation between 4 and 20 days p.e.; TGF-beta was the only gene where the expression in the non-susceptible strain was more elevated than in the susceptible strain. Rainbow trout of the non-susceptible strain appeared to resist infection by M. cerebralis with only minor transcriptional regulation of the genes investigated. Increased transcriptions of genes in the susceptible strain may be the result of an inability to antagonize the infection.

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“…Inflammation associated with AGD may be mediated by the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1␤, as mRNA transcripts of this molecule have been shown to be upregulated in the gills in response to Neoparamoeba spp. infection of rainbow trout (12) and Atlantic salmon (Bridle AR, Morrison RN, Cupit-Cunningham P, and Nowak BF, unpublished data). Beyond these studies, little is known about the host response to Neoparamoeba spp.…”

mentioning

confidence: 91%

Transcriptome profiling the gills of amoebic gill disease (AGD)-affected Atlantic salmon (Salmo salarL.): a role for tumor suppressor p53 in AGD pathogenesis?

Morrison

Cooper

Koop

et al. 2006

Physiological Genomics

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Neoparamoeba spp. are amphizoic amoebae with the capacity to colonize the gills of some marine fish, causing AGD. Here, the gill tissue transcriptome response of Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L.) to AGD is described. Tanks housing Atlantic salmon were inoculated with Neoparamoeba spp. and fish sampled at time points up to 8 days postinoculation (pi.). Gill tissues were taken from AGD-affected fish, and a DNA microarray was used to compare global gene expression against tissues from AGD-unaffected fish. A total of 206 genes, representing 190 unique transcripts, were reproducibly identified as up- or downregulated in response to Neoparamoeba spp. infection. Informative transcripts having GO biological process identifiers were grouped according to function. Although a number of genes were placed into each category, no distinct patterns were observed. One Atlantic salmon cDNA that was upregulated in infected gill relative to noninfected gill at 114 and 189 h pi. showed significant identity with the Xenopus, mouse, and human anterior gradient-2 (AG-2) homologs. Two Atlantic salmon AG-2 mRNA transcripts, designated asAG-2/1 and asAG-2/2, were cloned, sequenced, and shown to be predominantly expressed in the gill, intestine, and brain of a healthy fish. In AGD-affected fish, differential asAG-2 expression was confirmed in samples used for microarray analyses as well as in AGD-affected gill tissue taken from fish in an independent experiment. The asAG-2 upregulation was restricted to AGD lesions relative to unaffected tissue from the same gill arch, while p53 tumor suppressor protein mRNA was concurrently downregulated in AGD lesions. Differential expression of p53-regulated transcripts, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible gene-45β (GADD45β) in AGD lesions, suggests a role for p53 in AGD pathogenesis. Thus AGD may represent a novel model for comparative analysis of p53 and p53-regulated pathways.

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The expression of immune-regulatory genes in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, during amoebic gill disease (AGD)

Cited by 82 publications

References 44 publications

Expression of immune-regulatory genes, arginase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), in two rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) strains following exposure to Myxobolus cerebralis

Expression of immune-regulatory genes, arginase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), in two rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) strains following exposure to Myxobolus cerebralis

Relative quantification of immune-regulatory genes in two rainbow trout strains, Oncorhynchus mykiss, after exposure to Myxobolus cerebralis, the causative agent of whirling disease

Transcriptome profiling the gills of amoebic gill disease (AGD)-affected Atlantic salmon (Salmo salarL.): a role for tumor suppressor p53 in AGD pathogenesis?

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