The Evolution of Career Guidance and Counseling in the People's Republic of China

Abstract

Although China has a long history of vocational guidance, it is functionally at a beginning stage in career development and counseling because of the historical vagaries of its political leadership. Vocational guidance and career counseling services, as a professional field, are now rapidly being developed to meet the growing need of Chinese society. M. Pope's (1995, 2000) social transitions stage model is applied to the development of career counseling in China. In particular, this article addresses historic and current trends in the economy and labor market in China and their profound impact on the development of career counseling.

Career counseling centers in higher education: A study of cross-cultural applications from the United States to Korea

“…Similar to the development of career counseling services in other Asian countries (e.g., Chang, 2002;Leung, 2002;Pope et al, 2002;Salazar-Clemeña, 2002;Tan, 2002;Tatsuno, 2002;Zhang, Hu, & Pope, 2002), importing western career development theories to Korea with minimal assimilation or accommodation or with minor changes is relatively convenient. Nevertheless, we should always persist in the task of investigating the impact of career counseling practices on economies, on cultural and national identity, on educational systems, and the socio-political fabric of nations.…”

Development and psychometric testing of an instrument to compare career choice influences and perceptions of nursing among healthcare students

“…Social influences by significant others was found to affect the career aspirations of Asian students more significantly than the Western students [47, 48]. …”

The Influence of Communism on Career Development and Education in Romania

“…Studies on the historical and cultural context of career development in East Germany and China emphasize strikingly similar principles and processes with the ones observed in Romania and the Soviet Union, given that obedience and conformity were vital to the successful functioning of each of these Communist societies (Pinquart, Juang, & Silbereisen, 2004;Zhang, Hu, & Pope, 2002). Article 10 of the former Romanian work code (Codul Muncii Republicii Socialiste Romania, 1973), for example, stipulated that work relationships be based on "the free acceptance of and constant conformity to the socialist work discipline" (p. 13).…”