“…Other social capital research has focused on aggregate levels of trust and civic engagement (Putnam, 2000), or has highlighted the informal social control that can be generated from social capital (Sampson, Raudenbush, and Earls, 1997). Although definitions of social capital are widely debated (see Fulkerson and Thompson, 2008;Portes, 1998;Portes and Landolt, 2000), in this article we define social capital as the actual or potential resources that can be accessed through social relationships where TNR are established. Therefore, social ties and trust are not social capital but, rather, are the prerequisites for social capital.…”