The Epidemiology of Trachoma in Rural Kenya

Multilevel Analysis of Trachomatous Trichiasis and Corneal Opacity in Nigeria: The Role of Environmental and Climatic Risk Factors on the Distribution of Disease

“…Higher LST, after accounting for collinear variation with precipitation, was associated with a further increased risk of TT/CO. These findings are consistent with previous analyses associating a higher risk of active trachoma with higher aridity and lower rainfall [ 20 , 21 , 23 , 66 , 67 ]. The higher risk of TT/CO associated with lower air temperatures (or higher altitudes) seems counter-intuitive, however this association has been reported in previous studies with limited control for potentially confounding variables [ 22 , 28 ].…”

Multilevel Analysis of Trachomatous Trichiasis and Corneal Opacity in Nigeria: The Role of Environmental and Climatic Risk Factors on the Distribution of Disease

“…Higher LST, after accounting for collinear variation with precipitation, was associated with a further increased risk of TT/CO. These findings are consistent with previous analyses associating a higher risk of active trachoma with higher aridity and lower rainfall [ 20 , 21 , 23 , 66 , 67 ]. The higher risk of TT/CO associated with lower air temperatures (or higher altitudes) seems counter-intuitive, however this association has been reported in previous studies with limited control for potentially confounding variables [ 22 , 28 ].…”

Prevalence and Determinants of Trachomatous Trichiasis towards Elimination of Trachoma in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta- Analysis

“…However, TT prevalence in Oromia, Benshangul-gumuz, Afar, Tigray, Somalia and SNNPR was lower than the pooled prevalence. Further, when compared with WHO trachoma elimination threshold that indicated TT prevalence < 1% per 1000 population, the pooled prevalence surpassed by 0.8% [2].when compared to other countries, the current pooled results was also higher than study reports in Senegal [58] but lower than study result conducted in Keniya [59].…”

Gender differences in trachomatous scarring prevalence in a formerly trachoma hyperendemic district in Tanzania

“…However, progression of scarring does not appear to change in the face of decline [19]. Previous studies have reported increased scarring in females compared to males, however, these studies were conducted under high TF conditions and except for one study, none detailed the severity of scarring [8,10,11,20,25]. Interestingly, the increased scarring prevalence we are seeing is no longer a four-fold increased risk of scarring as was seen under hyperendemic conditions suggesting the differential between men and women is declining as the TF prevalence declines [10].…”

Multilevel Analysis of Trachomatous Trichiasis and Corneal Opacity in Nigeria: The Role of Environmental and Climatic Risk Factors on the Distribution of Disease

“…Higher LST, after accounting for collinear variation with precipitation, was associated with a further increased risk of TT/CO. These findings are consistent with previous analyses associating a higher risk of active trachoma with higher aridity and lower rainfall [ 20 , 21 , 23 , 66 , 67 ]. The higher risk of TT/CO associated with lower air temperatures (or higher altitudes) seems counter-intuitive, however this association has been reported in previous studies with limited control for potentially confounding variables [ 22 , 28 ].…”

Prevalence and Determinants of Trachomatous Trichiasis towards Elimination of Trachoma in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta- Analysis

“…However, TT prevalence in Oromia, Benshangul-gumuz, Afar, Tigray, Somalia and SNNPR was lower than the pooled prevalence. Further, when compared with WHO trachoma elimination threshold that indicated TT prevalence < 1% per 1000 population, the pooled prevalence surpassed by 0.8% [2].when compared to other countries, the current pooled results was also higher than study reports in Senegal [58] but lower than study result conducted in Keniya [59].…”

Gender differences in trachomatous scarring prevalence in a formerly trachoma hyperendemic district in Tanzania

“…However, progression of scarring does not appear to change in the face of decline [19]. Previous studies have reported increased scarring in females compared to males, however, these studies were conducted under high TF conditions and except for one study, none detailed the severity of scarring [8,10,11,20,25]. Interestingly, the increased scarring prevalence we are seeing is no longer a four-fold increased risk of scarring as was seen under hyperendemic conditions suggesting the differential between men and women is declining as the TF prevalence declines [10].…”

Multilevel Analysis of Trachomatous Trichiasis and Corneal Opacity in Nigeria: The Role of Environmental and Climatic Risk Factors on the Distribution of Disease

“…Higher LST, after accounting for collinear variation with precipitation, was associated with a further increased risk of TT/CO. These findings are consistent with previous analyses associating a higher risk of active trachoma with higher aridity and lower rainfall [ 20 , 21 , 23 , 66 , 67 ]. The higher risk of TT/CO associated with lower air temperatures (or higher altitudes) seems counter-intuitive, however this association has been reported in previous studies with limited control for potentially confounding variables [ 22 , 28 ].…”

Prevalence and Determinants of Trachomatous Trichiasis towards Elimination of Trachoma in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta- Analysis

“…However, TT prevalence in Oromia, Benshangul-gumuz, Afar, Tigray, Somalia and SNNPR was lower than the pooled prevalence. Further, when compared with WHO trachoma elimination threshold that indicated TT prevalence < 1% per 1000 population, the pooled prevalence surpassed by 0.8% [2].when compared to other countries, the current pooled results was also higher than study reports in Senegal [58] but lower than study result conducted in Keniya [59].…”

Gender differences in trachomatous scarring prevalence in a formerly trachoma hyperendemic district in Tanzania

“…However, progression of scarring does not appear to change in the face of decline [19]. Previous studies have reported increased scarring in females compared to males, however, these studies were conducted under high TF conditions and except for one study, none detailed the severity of scarring [8,10,11,20,25]. Interestingly, the increased scarring prevalence we are seeing is no longer a four-fold increased risk of scarring as was seen under hyperendemic conditions suggesting the differential between men and women is declining as the TF prevalence declines [10].…”