The Enteric Glial Network Acts in the Maintenance of Intestinal Homeostasis and in Intestinal Disorders

Coelho-Aguiar, Juliana de Mattos; Veríssimo, Carla Pires; Costa, Deiziane Viana da Silva; Thomasi, Beatriz Bastos de Moraes; Frauches, Ana Carina Bon; Ribeiro, Fabiana Pereira; Tavares-Gomes, Ana Lúcia; Brito, Gerly Anne de Castro; Moura‐Neto, Vivaldo

doi:10.5772/intechopen.89170

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 160 publications

(211 reference statements)

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“…To fully understand the enteric system's contribution to the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the importance of the gut-brain axis should be considered. The so-called gutbrain axis is highly important in many disorders that affect the CNS, and several recent studies have shown the relevance of this communication for the clinical manifestation and even for the genesis of numerous diseases (Coelho-Aguiar et al, 2019). This communication would make it possible to stimulate specific centers in the CNS (Coelho-Aguiar et al, 2015).…”

Section: Potential Contribution Of the Ens To Sars-cov-2 Mechanisms And The Covid-19 Gastrointestinal Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuromechanisms of SARS-CoV-2: A Review

et al. 2020

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Recent studies have suggested the neuroinvasive potential of severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Notably, neuroinvasiveness might be involved in the pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019 . Some studies have demonstrated that synapse-connected routes may enable coronaviruses to access the central nervous system (CNS). However, evidence related to the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the CNS, its direct impact on the CNS, and the contribution to symptoms suffered, remain sparse. Here, we review the current literature that indicates that SARS-CoV-2 can invade the nervous system. We also describe the neural circuits that are potentially affected by the virus and their possible role in the progress of COVID-19. In addition, we propose several strategies to understand, diagnose, and treat the neurological symptoms of COVID-19.

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Section: Potential Contribution Of the Ens To Sars-cov-2 Mechanisms And The Covid-19 Gastrointestinal Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuromechanisms of SARS-CoV-2: A Review

et al. 2020

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“…In addition to the transcribial route and the olfactory nerve, the virus may use other peripheral nerves such as the vagus nerve, which lungs and gut afferents reach the brainstem (32,51). The gutbrain axis is a key component involved in disorders that affect the CNS (52). Interestingly, SARS-CoV-2 was detected in COVID-19 patient feces (53).…”

Section: Transcribial Route and Neuronal Transport Disseminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infection Mechanism of SARS-COV-2 and Its Implication on the Nervous System

et al. 2021

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In late December 2019, multiple atypical pneumonia cases resulted in severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by a pathogen identified as a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. The most common coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms are pneumonia, fever, dry cough, and fatigue. However, some neurological complications following SARS-CoV-2 infection include confusion, cerebrovascular diseases, ataxia, hypogeusia, hyposmia, neuralgia, and seizures. Indeed, a growing literature demonstrates that neurotropism is a common feature of coronaviruses; therefore, the infection mechanisms already described in other coronaviruses may also be applicable for SARS-CoV-2. Understanding the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms in the nervous system infection and the neurological involvement is essential to assess possible long-term neurological alteration of COVID-19. Here, we provide an overview of associated literature regarding possible routes of COVID-19 neuroinvasion, such as the trans-synapse-connected route in the olfactory pathway and peripheral nerve terminals and its neurological implications in the central nervous system.

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“…Constipation is a common functional GI disorder characterized by infrequent bowel motions and/or incomplete defecation [ 31 ]. Constipation may arise due to loss of glial cells, and it points to a pathophysiological condition since the glial cells directly regulates enteric neurons and interstitial cells of Cajal through neurotrophic factors and ATP signaling [ 32 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bin1 targeted immunotherapy alters the status of the enteric neurons and the microbiome during ulcerative colitis treatment

Thomas

Mercogliano²,

Prendergast³

2022

PLoS ONE

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Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a common chronic disease of the large intestine. Current anti-inflammatory drugs prescribed to treat this disease have limited utility due to significant side-effects. Thus, immunotherapies for UC treatment are still sought. In the DSS mouse model of UC, we recently demonstrated that systemic administration of the Bin1 monoclonal antibody 99D (Bin1 mAb) developed in our laboratory was sufficient to reinforce intestinal barrier function and preserve an intact colonic mucosa, compared to control subjects which displayed severe mucosal lesions, high-level neutrophil and lymphocyte infiltration of mucosal and submucosal areas, and loss of crypts. A dysbiotic microbiome may lead to UC. We determined the effects of Bin1 mAb on the gut microbiome and colonic neurons and correlated the benefits of immunotherapeutic treatment. In the DSS model, we found that induction of UC was associated with disintegration of enteric neurons and elevated levels of glial cells, which translocated to the muscularis at distinct sites. Further, we characterized an altered gut microbiome in DSS treated mice associated with pathogenic proinflammatory characters. Both of these features of UC induction were normalized by Bin1 mAb treatment. With regard to microbiome changes, we observed in particular, increase in Enterobacteriaceae; whereas Firmicutes were eliminated by UC induction and Bin1 mAb treatment restored this phylum including the genus Lactobacillus. Overall, our findings suggest that the intestinal barrier function restored by Bin1 immunotherapy in the DSS model of UC is associated with an improvement in the gut microbiome and preservation of enteric neurons, contributing overall to a healthy intestinal tract.

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The Enteric Glial Network Acts in the Maintenance of Intestinal Homeostasis and in Intestinal Disorders

Cited by 5 publications

References 160 publications

Neuromechanisms of SARS-CoV-2: A Review

Neuromechanisms of SARS-CoV-2: A Review

Infection Mechanism of SARS-COV-2 and Its Implication on the Nervous System

Bin1 targeted immunotherapy alters the status of the enteric neurons and the microbiome during ulcerative colitis treatment

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