Anaerobic
ammonium oxidation (Anammox) is a promising biotechnology
involving the nitrogen removal process owing to its benefits, such
as high efficiency and low cost. However, problems are faced during
its application, including long cell doubling time, sensitivity to
environmental factors, and generation of nitrate as a byproduct. With
the ability to promote bacterial growth and reduce the nitrate byproduct,
pyrite (FeS2) has remarkable potential in enhancing the
Anammox process. It will also expand the nitrogen removal pathway
by coupling with the iron–nitrogen–sulfur cycle. Few
pioneering studies on using pyrite for Anammox enhancement have been
published recently, and critical information has yet to be summarized.
This Review provides a comprehensive and systematic overview of the role of pyrite in the
Anammox process. It offers the possibility of coupling pyrite with
Anammox to achieve a more efficient nitrogen removal.