The emerging view of <scp><i>F</i></scp><i>irmicutes</i> as key fibre degraders in the human gut

Berry, David

doi:10.1111/1462-2920.13225

Cited by 38 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Both Bacteroides and Prevotella species are tailored to breakdown wheat bran by virtue of their extensive glycolytic genomes enriched in xylanolytic genes, whereas the Firmicutes species are less versatile compared to the Bacteroides species and the capacity to degrade xylan, cellulose, starch, ferulic acid or to cross-feed is more divided across species. This high level of specialisation may explain the co-existence of Firmicutes species with a distinct substrate specificity, in contrast to the manifestation of a sole dominant Bacteroidetes species, resulting from their overlapping glycan degrading capacity, which is in line with the inverse relation between Bacteroides and Prevotella observed by others and the positioning of Bacteroides as glycan degrading generalists [1,[72][73][74][75].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Microbial succession during wheat bran fermentation and colonisation by human faecal microbiota as a result of niche diversification

2019

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The human gut can be viewed as a flow-through system with a short residence time, a high turnover rate and a spatial gradient of physiological conditions. As a consequence, the gut microbiota is exposed to highly fluctuating environmental determinants presented by the host and diet. Here, we assessed the fermentation and colonisation of insoluble wheat bran by faecal microbiota of three individuals at an unprecedented sampling intensity. Time-resolved 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, revealed a dynamic microbial community, characterised by abrupt shifts in composition, delimiting states with a more constant community, giving rise to a succession of bacterial taxa alternately dominating the community over a 72 h timespan. Early stages were dominated by Enterobacteriaceae and Fusobacterium species, growing on the carbohydratelow, protein rich medium to which wheat bran was supplemented. The onset of wheat bran fermentation, marked by a spike in short chain fatty acid production with an increasing butyrate proportion and an increased endo-1,4-β-xylanase activity, corresponded to donor-dependent proportional increases of Bacteroides ovatus/stercoris, Prevotella copri and Firmicutes species, which were strongly enriched in the bran-attached community. Literature and database searches provided novel insights into the metabolic and growth characteristics underlying the observed succession and colonisation, illustrating the potency of a time-resolved analysis to increase our understanding of gut microbiota dynamics upon dietary modulations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Microbial succession during wheat bran fermentation and colonisation by human faecal microbiota as a result of niche diversification

2019

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“…The majority of the human gut/fecal microbiota is comprised of either the Firmicutes or Actinobacteria [31, 32]. Disruption of the balance between the Firmicutes and Actinobacteriamay increase the risk of many disorders, such as insulin resistance and obesity, as outlined in previous reports [33, 34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations in the gut microbiota of patients with silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis

Zhou¹,

Lv²,

Sun

et al. 2019

J Occup Med Toxicol

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Silicosis resulting from silica exposure is a global occupational disease characterized by severe pathological changes in progressive pulmonary fibrosis. Previous evidence has indicated that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota occurs after environmental dust exposure and is associated with certain diseases. The aims of this study are to elucidate the compositional and functional characteristics of the gut microbiota in early-stage silicosis and to understand their influence on pulmonary fibrosis. We investigated the gut microbial composition of fecal samples from 18 patients and 21 healthy subjects using 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology. Compared with the healthy subjects, reductions in the levels of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were noted in patients with silicosis and progressive pulmonary fibrosis, as well as lower levels of Devosia, Clostridiales, AlloprevotellaandRikenellaceae_RC9. Lachnospiraceae and Lachnoclostridium levels were increased in patients with silicosis. GOC and KEGG analyses were used to predict that certain bacteria taxa play critical roles in the development of pulmonary fibrosis, including posttranslational modification, amino acid transport and metabolism, nucleotide transport and metabolism, and ribosomal structure and biogenesis. KEGG analysis showed that certain taxa participate in various roles including cancer, endocrine metabolism, immune system, signaling molecules and interaction, and transcription. Collectively, in this pilot study, microbiota changes have been represented in the gut of patients with silicosis. Although this change in gut microbiota have been represented, caution is needed when interpreting the findings since this is observational finding, not necessarily causative. More studies should be performed in the expanding population to be verified and more studies underlying biological mechanisms for better understanding the relationship between gut microbiota and development of pulmonary fibrosis in patients with silicosis.

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“…Members of these two phyla were frequently studied for their food digestion roles. For example, Firmicutes members were associated with insoluble fiber degradation (Berry, 2016), and Proteobacteria members were associated with cellulose activity (Reid, Addison, Macdonald, & Lloyd-Jones, 2011). A rich community of Fusobacteria was frequently reported in the guts of carnivorous and omnivorous birds (Waite & Taylor, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative metagenomics of the gut microbiota in wild greylag geese (Anser anser) and ruddy shelducks (Tadorna ferruginea)

Wen

Zheng

et al. 2018

MicrobiologyOpen

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Gut microbiome contributes to host health by maintaining homeostasis, increasing digestive efficiency, and facilitating the development of immune system. Wild greylag geese ( Anser anser ) and ruddy shelducks ( Tadorna ferruginea ), migrating along the central Asian flyway, appear to be one of the most popular species in the rare birds rearing industries of China. However, the structure and function of the gut microbial communities associated with these two bird species remain poorly understood. Here, for the first time, we compared gut metagenomes from greylag geese to ruddy shelducks and investigated the similarities and differences between these two bird species in detail. Taxonomic classifications revealed the top three bacterial phyla, Firmicutes , Proteobacteria, and Fusobacteria , in both greylag geese and ruddy shelducks. Furthermore, between the two species, 12 bacterial genera were found to be more abundant in ruddy shelducks and 41 genera were significantly higher in greylag geese. A total of 613 genera (approximately 70%) were found to be present in both groups. Metabolic categories related to carbohydrate metabolism, metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and glycan biosynthesis and metabolism were significantly more abundant in ruddy shelducks, while greylag geese were enriched in nucleotide metabolism and energy metabolism. The herbivorous greylag geese gut microbiota harbored more carbohydrate‐active enzymes than omnivorous ruddy shelducks. In our study, a range of antibiotic resistance categories were also identified in the gut microbiota of greylag geese and ruddy shelducks. In addition to providing a better understanding of the composition and function of wild birds gut microbiome, this comparative study provides reference values of the artificial domestication of these birds.

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The emerging view of Firmicutes as key fibre degraders in the human gut

Cited by 38 publications

References 25 publications

Microbial succession during wheat bran fermentation and colonisation by human faecal microbiota as a result of niche diversification

Microbial succession during wheat bran fermentation and colonisation by human faecal microbiota as a result of niche diversification

Alterations in the gut microbiota of patients with silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis

Comparative metagenomics of the gut microbiota in wild greylag geese (Anser anser) and ruddy shelducks (Tadorna ferruginea)

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