The Elevation of Ingested Lipids within Plasma Chylomicrons Is Prolonged in Men Compared with Women

Knuth, Nicolas D.; Horowitz, Jeffrey F.

doi:10.1093/jn/136.6.1498

Cited by 29 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Women had lower chylomicron-TG levels and lower 18 F activity in chylomicron-TG postprandially when compared with men in both IGT 2 and IGT + groups, consistent with findings by others that could be explained by faster chylomicron-TG clearance in women (26). In rats, testosterone reduces chylomicron clearance and postheparin LPL activity (27).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

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Effect of Sex and Impaired Glucose Tolerance on Organ-Specific Dietary Fatty Acid Metabolism in Humans

et al. 2014

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Oral 14(R,S)-[18 F]-fluoro-6-thia-heptadecanoic acid was used to determine whether an increase in cardiac dietary fatty acid (DFA) metabolism in impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is different in men and women. Myocardial DFA partitioning after 6 h was higher in IGT versus control subjects (P = 0.006) in both men (2.14 [95% CI sex difference. Men had higher net myocardial DFA uptake between time 90 and 120 min driven by higher chylomicrontriglyceride (TG) levels. IGT-associated increased cardiac DFA partitioning was directly related to obesity in women, whereas it was associated with IGT per se in men. We conclude that early cardiac DFA uptake is higher in men driven by change in postprandial chylomicron-TG level but that increase in 6-h postprandial cardiac DFA partitioning nevertheless occurs with IGT both in men and women.Sex, obesity, and insulin resistance appear to act independently but also in concert on myocardial metabolism, structure, and function. Studies conducted in the fasting state show that women have greater myocardial oxygen consumption (1), which increases with obesity (2). In addition, female sex appears to be an important predictor of higher diabetes-associated cardiac plasma nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) utilization (3). Excess exposure of lean tissues to fatty acids may stem from a disordered storage of dietary fatty acids (DFAs) in adipocytes (4-7). We recently developed a novel method for noninvasive measurement of organ-specific DFA uptake and partitioning using 14(R,S)-[ 8). Using this method, we found that subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) displayed increased myocardial DFA partitioning and fractional uptake that correlated negatively with left ventricular ejection fraction (9). Subjects with IGT also displayed reduced DFA partitioning in abdominal adipose tissues (9), in accordance with findings using conventional tracer methods (10-12).Due to the small sample size at the time of our previous report, it was not possible to assess whether any sexrelated differences in organ-specific DFA metabolism were present and could modulate the effect of IGT on cardiac metabolism. Based on previous reports on cardiac NEFA metabolism (3), the hypothesis of the current study was that elevated DFA uptake and partitioning observed with IGT would be worsened in women versus men. A secondary exploratory objective of our study was to determine sexrelated differences in liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue DFA partitioning according to IGT status. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Study ParticipantsForty-one Caucasian individuals (see Table 1) with normal (IGT 2 ) and IGT (IGT + ), defined as having a 2-h post 75-g

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…It is possible that VLDL-TG secretion from DFAs may have been increased in women in the current study. However, no sex difference in DFA incorporation into VLDL-TG was observed in a previous report using 14 C-labeled oleate tracer (26).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

Effect of Sex and Impaired Glucose Tolerance on Organ-Specific Dietary Fatty Acid Metabolism in Humans

et al. 2014

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“…Previous work has found that the plasma TG response after a meal is often greater in men than in women (Couillard et al 1999;Horton et al 2002;Koutsari et al 2004;Sopowski et al 2001), and this sex-specific difference in lipemic response to a fat meal may contribute to the delayed development of CVD in women compared with men (Rosamond et al 2007). More specifically, we recently demonstrated that alterations in chylomicron metabolism (i.e., prolongation of chylomicrons in men compared with women), explained much of the sex-related difference in post-prandial lipemia after a fat meal (Knuth and Horowitz 2006). Because chylomicrons and chylomicron remnants are known to have potent atherogenic properties (Sakurai et al 2005;Yu et al 2000;Zilversmit 1979), persistent elevation in these factors may help explain the sex-related differences in cardiovascular health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Adding carbohydrate to a high-fat meal blunts postprandial lipemia in women and reduces meal-derived fatty acids in systemic circulation

Knuth

Remias

Horowitz

2008

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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The lipemic response to a meal is an important independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding carbohydrate (CHO) to a fat meal on the bioavailability of ingested fat in different blood lipid fractions in men and women. On two separate occasions, 18 healthy adults (9 women, 9 men) ate either a high-fat meal (0.7 grams fat per kilogram) (FAT), or the same meal with added CHO (1 gram CHO per kilogram) (FAT+CHO) in the morning after a 12 h fast. Both meals were supplemented with [13C]-palmitate (25 mg.kg(-1)). Plasma concentrations of triglyceride (TG), fatty acids, insulin, and glucose were measured in blood samples taken hourly from 0 to 8 h after the meal. In addition, we measured TG concentrations in chylomicron (CHYLO-TG) and in very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL-TG) fractions. The addition of CHO to the fat meal increased plasma glucose and insulin concentrations identically in men and women. In contrast, adding CHO to the fat meal reduced the plasma TG concentration in the 5 h after the meal in women (average 5 h [TG]: 1.27 +/- 0.11 and 1.01 +/- 0.09 mmol.L(-1); p <0.05), but not in men (1.25 +/- 0.23 and 1.24 +/- 0.20 mmol.L(-1)). Despite differences in the lipemic response to the meals between men and women, we found that adding carbohydrate to a fat meal decreased the bioavailability of meal-derived [13C]-palmitate in the systemic fatty acid pool, and decreased the incorporation of [13C]-palmitate into VLDL-TG in both men and women. In summary, adding CHO to a fat meal markedly blunted the plasma TG response in women, but not in men, which may augment the atherogenic potential after each meal in men.

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“…Exercise seems to be more efficacious in lowering PPL for women than for men (34). This may be attributed to lower baseline concentrations of VLDLs in women than in men and a slower rate of chylomicron 14 clearance in men (55,57). However, when differences in baseline TG are controlled for, there does not seem to be a sex difference with regard to PPL (34).…”

Section: Exercise and Lipid Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of an acute bout of moderate-intensity exercise on postprandial lipemia and airway inflammation

Johnson

Kurti

Smith

et al. 2016

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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Obesity and asthma often coexist in the same people. Both are characterized by the presence of low-grade systemic inflammation. A high-fat diet may contribute to concurrent development of both conditions by promoting a pro-inflammatory postprandial environment leading to a transient accumulation of blood lipids (postprandial lipemia; PPL) and acute airway inflammation. Previous results from our lab have shown an ~20% increase in airway inflammation two hours after consuming a high-fat meal (HFM) that was significantly associated with increased plasma triglycerides. While acute exercise has been shown to attenuate PPL, it is unknown whether these protective effects will translate to reduced airway inflammation after a high-fat meal. PURPOSE: To determine the effects of an acute bout of exercise on airway inflammation after a HFM. We tested the hypothesis that an acute bout of exercise 12 hours before a high-fat meal would protect against subsequent airway inflammation in healthy men and would be related to the decreased PPL and systemic inflammatory markers. METHODS: In a randomized cross-over study, 12 healthy college-aged men consumed a HFM (1g fat/1kg body weight) 12 hours following exercise (EX; 60 min at 60% VO2max) or without exercise (CON).Exhaled nitric oxide (eNO; measure of airway inflammation), blood lipid profiles (venous sample; total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, glucose), inflammatory markers (hsCRP, TNF-α, IL-6) and pulmonary function tests (PFT) (forced expiratory volume in 1-s,forced vital capacity, forced expiratory flow at 25-75% of vital capacity) were measured pre-HFM, two hours, and four hours post-HFM. RESULTS: Baseline eNO was not different (p>0.05) between trials. eNO increased (p<0.05) post HFM at two hours in the both CON and EX conditions. eNO between trials was not different (p>0.05). Triglycerides were significantly increased two and four hours post HFM but were not different (p>0.05) between conditions. There was no relationship (p>0.05) between eNO and triglycerides or systemic inflammatory markers for any time point in either condition. Pulmonary function did not differ (p>0.05) between any condition.CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that an acute bout of moderate intensity exercise 12 hours before a HFM does not attenuate postprandial airway inflammation or lipemia in healthy college-aged men.v

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The Elevation of Ingested Lipids within Plasma Chylomicrons Is Prolonged in Men Compared with Women

Cited by 29 publications

References 41 publications

Effect of Sex and Impaired Glucose Tolerance on Organ-Specific Dietary Fatty Acid Metabolism in Humans

Effect of Sex and Impaired Glucose Tolerance on Organ-Specific Dietary Fatty Acid Metabolism in Humans

Adding carbohydrate to a high-fat meal blunts postprandial lipemia in women and reduces meal-derived fatty acids in systemic circulation

Effects of an acute bout of moderate-intensity exercise on postprandial lipemia and airway inflammation

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