“…They are often synthesised via biological (plants, agro-waste) or chemical (chemical salts) techniques. Up to date, chemical methods are specifically applied for TiO 2 and a large number of other nanoparticle have been developed using methods such as chemical precipitation [1][2][3]; sol gel [4][5][6], hydrothermal [7][8][9][10], solvo-thermal [11,12], combustion [13,14], chemical vapour deposition (CVD) [15], electrochemical synthesis [16,17] and fungus-mediated [18,19], synthesis/methods. Amongst these, the Wet Chemical Method is known to be effective as chemical precipitation is applied with low chemical consumption, in a cost effective manner with better product quality outcomes.…”