The effects of Yucca schidigera and Quillaja saponaria on growth performance and enzymes activities of juvenile shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei cultured in low salinity water

Abstract

The inclusion of Yucca schidigera and Quillaja saponaria extracts (NTF) in aquatic organisms display a positive response on production and organism's physiology. Fifteen tanks (140 L) with low-salinity water (S = 5) were stocked with 10 juvenile shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei, 2.6 g of mean weight) feeding with 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 g kg -1 of NTF of basal diet (triplicate treatment). The shrimp were cultured in a close recirculation system (control condition) and fed ad libitum daily for 40 days. General growth parameters (body weight, growth, body length, feed conversion rate, survival) and hepatopancreatic digestive enzyme activities (alkaline protease, alkaline phosphatase, α-amylase, leucine aminopeptidase, and lipase) were evaluated after 40 days of shrimp culture. The final mean body weight, individual mean body, weight gain, and feed conversion ratio from shrimp feeding with 1.0 and 2.0 g kg -1 of NTF have a significant (P < 0.05) result compared to other treatments. The highest values of alkaline protease, lipase, and α-amylase were detected in shrimp feeding with 0.5 g kg -1 of NTF, where a high level of leucine aminopeptidase and alkaline phosphatase were detected with 0.25 g kg -1 of NTF treatment. However, any significant differences in enzyme activities were detected between the control group and treatments. The increase effect in shrimp growth and any decrease effect in enzyme activity detected in present study suggest that NTF shows potential as a feed additive for shrimp cultured at low-salinity.

Evaluation ofAgave lechuguillaby‐product crude extract as a feed additive for juvenile shrimpLitopenaeus vannamei

“…In terms of digestive enzyme activities, no significant differences were found in our results on aminopeptidase, alkaline phosphatase, and lipase from treatments with L0.1% and L0.3% of the inclusion of guishe crude extract in the feed. This fact is consistent with the findings of Hernández‐Acosta et al () when the inclusion between 0% and 0.2% of a mix of extracts of Y. schidigera and Q. saponaria did no affected enzymatic digestive activities in L. vannamei . On this respect, it has been described that dietary protein represents a critical role for shrimp growth (Kureshy & Davis, ; Mente, Coutteau, Houlihan, Davidson, & Sorgeloos, ), and the optimal assimilation and utilization depends mostly on the digestive proteases activities, which in this case the inclusion of L0.6% of the extract in feed reduced the aminopeptidase activity in shrimp, reflected in a lower growth compared with the rest of treatments.…”

“…For its part, A. lechuguilla contains 45.34% of compounds with antioxidant properties without specific classification (Carmona, Mussatto, Mussatto, Castillo‐Quiroz, & Ríos‐González, ). Authors have driven the use of this kind of plant in the aquaculture field as Hernández‐Acosta et al (); they demonstrated that the inclusion of Y. schidigera extracts in a commercial diet has a positive effect in the physiology and production of L. vannamei juveniles. In the same manner, Yang et al () reported a significant increase in weight gain of L. vannamei with the inclusion of 0.2% of Y. schidigera extract in the feed, besides an improvement in nonspecific immunity effect and water quality.…”

“…Concerning this, it is well known that Yucca schidigera , family‐related to A. lechuguilla and Quillaja saponaria , is an essential and abundant source of saponins. Recently, Hernández‐Acosta et al () reported the effects of crude extracts from both plants at inclusion levels of 0.1% or 0.2% in feed for whiteleg shrimp ( Litopenaeus vanamei ), showed significant improvement on growth performance, feed conversion rate and digestive enzymatic activity. For its part, Yang, Tan, Dong, Chi, and Liu () evaluated the inclusion of three different levels of Y. schidigera extract in shrimp balanced diets, observing a beneficial effect on the growth and nonspecific immunity, when 0.2% was added.…”

“…plant in the aquaculture field asHernández-Acosta et al (2016); they demonstrated that the inclusion of Y. schidigera extracts in a commercial diet has a positive effect in the physiology and production of L. vannamei juveniles. In the same manner,Yang et al (2015) reported a significant increase in weight gain of L. vannamei with the inclusion of 0.2% of Y. schidigera extract in the feed, besides an improvement in nonspecific immunity effect and water quality.…”

Quillaja saponaria and/or Yucca schidigera ameliorate water quality, growth performance, blood health, intestine and gills histomorphology of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus

“…Serum glucose level was determined using glucose enzymatic PAP by kits obtained from Bio-Merieux, France, according to Trinder (1969). Serum creatinine was determined using the colorimetric method (Heinegård & Tiderström, 1973). At the wavelength of 450 nm using ELISA Microplate Reader, the serum lysozyme activity was assayed (Demers & Bayne, 1997) using clinical kits obtained from Sigma, USA.…”