The effects of vitamin C and E on exercise-induced physiological adaptations: a systematic review and Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Clifford, Tom; Jeffries, Owen; Stevenson, Emma; Davies, Kelly A Bowden

doi:10.1080/10408398.2019.1703642

Cited by 30 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…In another study on the effects of vitamin E and C supplementation on endurance performance, Merry and Ristow (2016) [ 7 ] noted similar findings reporting no effect of supplementation on VO 2 max. A recent systematic review concluded that vitamin C and/or vitamin E has no negative effect on VO 2 max [ 49 ].…”

Section: Vitamin E As An Antioxidant Supplementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding the effects of vitamin E alone or combined with vitamin C supplementation (in conjunction with strength training) on strength gains, five studies [ 50 , 52 , 55 , 60 , 61 ] have been done and reported neither positive nor negative effects on strength gain. A recent comprehensive meta-analysis [ 49 ] provided evidence that vitamin E supplementation alone or combined with vitamin C neither enhances nor blunts exercise-induced training adaptations, including changes in aerobic capacity, muscle strength, or lean mass and endurance performance. However, it is unclear whether in the state of deficiency or inadequate intake, these supplements would be beneficial for this purpose.…”

Section: Vitamin E As An Antioxidant Supplementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antioxidants and Exercise Performance: With a Focus on Vitamin E and C Supplementation

Higgins

Izadi

Kaviani

2020

IJERPH

113

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Antioxidant supplementation, including vitamin E and C supplementation, has recently received recognition among athletes as a possible method for enhancing athletic performance. Increased oxidative stress during exercise results in the production of free radicals, which leads to muscle damage, fatigue, and impaired performance. Despite their negative effects on performance, free radicals may act as signaling molecules enhancing protection against greater physical stress. Current evidence suggests that antioxidant supplementation may impair these adaptations. Apart from athletes training at altitude and those looking for an immediate, short-term performance enhancement, supplementation with vitamin E does not appear to be beneficial. Moreover, the effectiveness of vitamin E and C alone and/or combined on muscle mass and strength have been inconsistent. Given that antioxidant supplements (e.g., vitamin E and C) tend to block anabolic signaling pathways, and thus, impair adaptations to resistance training, special caution should be taken with these supplements. It is recommended that athletes consume a diet rich in fruits and vegetables, which provides vitamins, minerals phytochemicals, and other bioactive compounds to meet the recommended intakes of vitamin E and C.

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Section: Vitamin E As An Antioxidant Supplementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Vitamin E As An Antioxidant Supplementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidants and Exercise Performance: With a Focus on Vitamin E and C Supplementation

Higgins

Izadi

Kaviani

2020

IJERPH

113

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“…Relevant information was extracted and tabulated into a Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet by the first author and validated by the second author. The data extraction sheet was adapted form an example provided by the Introduction to Systematic Reviews Course at York University, UK, and has previously been used to extract similar data (Clifford, Jeffries, Stevenson, & Davies, 2019). Collected data included: (1) authors and year of publication;…”

Section: Data Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Creatine Supplementation on Markers of Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Human Intervention Trials

Northeast

Clifford

2021

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism

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This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the effects of creatine supplementation on recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage, and is reported according to the PRISMA guidelines. MEDLINE and SPORTDiscus were searched for articles from inception until April 2020. Inclusion criteria were adult participants (≥18 years); creatine provided before and/or after exercise versus a noncreatine comparator; measurement of muscle function recovery, muscle soreness, inflammation, myocellular protein efflux, oxidative stress; range of motion; randomized controlled trials in humans. Thirteen studies (totaling 278 participants; 235 males and 43 females; age range 20–60 years) were deemed eligible for analysis. Data extraction was performed independently by both authors. The Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool was used to critically appraise the studies; forest plots were generated with random-effects model and standardized mean differences. Creatine supplementation did not alter muscle strength, muscle soreness, range of motion, or inflammation at each of the five follow-up times after exercise (<30 min, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hr; p > .05). Creatine attenuated creatine kinase activity at 48-hr postexercise (standardized mean difference: −1.06; 95% confidence interval [−1.97, −0.14]; p = .02) but at no other time points. High (I2; >75%) and significant (Chi2; p < .01) heterogeneity was identified for all outcome measures at various follow-up times. In conclusion, creatine supplementation does not accelerate recovery following exercise-induced muscle damage; however, well-controlled studies with higher sample sizes are warranted to verify these conclusions. Systematic review registration (PROSPERO CRD42020178735).

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“…However, this is not necessarily the case in body fluids, such as blood plasma, where enzymes are not normally present and, therefore, non-enzymatic molecules have a crucial role in RONS regulation [54,55]. Below, we limit our discussion to three non-enzymatic antioxidant molecules (ascorbate, α-tocopherol, and glutathione) that the research so far has shown to play important role in redox regulation and for which there is sufficient quantitative data [56,57].…”

Section: Antioxidantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Redox Biology of Exercise

2020

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Biology is rich in claims that reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are involved in every biological process and disease. However, many quantitative aspects of redox biology remain elusive. The important quantitative parameters you need to address the feasibility of redox reactions in vivo are: rate of formation and consumption of a reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, half-life, diffusibility and membrane permeability. In the first part, we explain the basic chemical kinetics concepts and algebraic equations required to perform “street fighting” quantitative analysis. In the second part, we provide key numbers to help thinking about sizes, concentrations, rates and other important quantities that describe the major oxidants (superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide) and antioxidants (vitamin C, vitamin E, glutathione). In the third part, we present the quantitative effect of exercise on superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide concentration in mitochondria and whole muscle and calculate how much hydrogen peroxide concentration needs to increase to transduce signalling. By taking into consideration the quantitative aspects of redox biology we can: i) refine the broad understanding of this research area, ii) design better future studies and facilitate comparisons among studies, and iii) define more efficiently the “borders” between cellular signaling and stress.

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The effects of vitamin C and E on exercise-induced physiological adaptations: a systematic review and Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Abstract: A Bowden (2019) The effects of vitamin C and E on exercise-induced physiological adaptations: a systematic review and Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 60 (21). pp. 3669-3679.

Cited by 30 publications

References 47 publications

Antioxidants and Exercise Performance: With a Focus on Vitamin E and C Supplementation

Antioxidants and Exercise Performance: With a Focus on Vitamin E and C Supplementation

The Effect of Creatine Supplementation on Markers of Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Human Intervention Trials

Quantitative Redox Biology of Exercise

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