The effects of pyrobitumen on oil cracking in confined pyrolysis experiments

The effect of oil expulsion or retention on further thermal degradation of kerogen at the high maturity stage: A pyrolysis study of type II kerogen from Pingliang shale, China

“…6i-l), which has been well reported by previous studies (Pan et al, 2010(Pan et al, , 2012Tian et al, 2012). The generation curve of total gas mainly reflected the primary cracking of oil (C 6+ ) into gas, while the generation curve of total gas in volume could be used to demonstrate the secondary cracking of wet gas components (C 2-5 ) into methane (Pan et al, 2010).…”

Hydrocarbon generation from coal, extracted coal and bitumen rich coal in confined pyrolysis experiments

“…However, the averaged values of activation energies (with the same frequency factors) for both the generation and cracking of individual wet gases are similar and do not show consistent trends among the three experiments. For all three experiments, activation energies for the generation and cracking of wet gases are significantly lower than those in previously published oil pyrolysis experiments with same frequency factors (Pan et al, 2012; Organic Geochemistry 45, 29-47). Methane d 13 C values at the maximum temperature or EASY%R o are close to those of initial wet gases, especially C 3 , implying that the major part of methane shared a common initial precursor with wet gases, i.e., free and bound liquid alkanes.…”

“…This ratio is lower in the bitumen rich coal than the extracted coal and coal experiments because of higher yields of Rn-C 8+ for the former than the latter, especially at EASY%R o < 2.0 (Table 2). Pan et al (2012) demonstrated that pyrobitumen significantly accelerated the generation of methane relative to wet gases and therefore C 1 /RC 1-5 was higher in the pyrolysis experiment of oil plus pyrobitumen than oil alone. Minimum C 1 /RC 1-5 values occur at EASY%R o 1.46-1.52 in their study (Table 3).…”

“…Ratio C 1 /RC [1][2][3][4][5] For all three sets of experiments, the C 1 /RC 1-5 ratio at first decreases and then increases with temperature and EASY%R o ( Table 2). The minimum values are 0.512, 0.510 and 0.480 at a heating rate of 20°C/h, and 0.511, 0.525 and 0.435 at a heating rate of 2°C/h for the experiments on extracted coal, coal and bitumen Pan et al (2010Pan et al ( , 2012. rich coal, respectively (Table 2).…”

“…After pyrolysis, the volatile components in the capsules were collected in a special sampling device connected to an Agilent 6890 N GC modified by Wasson ECE Instrumentation as described previously (Pan et al, 2006(Pan et al, , 2008(Pan et al, , 2010(Pan et al, , 2012. Briefly, the whole device was at first evacuated to < 1 Â 10 À2 Pa.…”