The effects of physical exercise on executive function in community-dwelling older adults living with Alzheimer’s-type dementia: A systematic review

Guitar, Nicole A.; Connelly, Denise M.; Nagamatsu, Lindsay S.; Orange, J. B.; Hunter, Susan

doi:10.1016/j.arr.2018.07.009

Cited by 59 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Another possible explanation could be that our culture-based VR training program was designed to assess attention, executive function and memory conditions in order to stimulate cognitive function, but was not designed for dual tasks (i.e., both cognitive and exercise training). An important review has indicated that exercise plays a critical role in the prevention of dementia [26], and can improve cognitive function in aMCI patients [27]. Previous studies have shown that dual tasks (cognitive and exercise training) could have positive effects on cognitive function among the elderly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility and Tolerability of a Culture-Based Virtual Reality (VR) Training Program in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study

Park

Liao

Kim

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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The present study examined whether a culture-based virtual reality (VR) training program is feasible and tolerable for patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), and whether it could improve cognitive function in these patients. Twenty-one outpatients with aMCI were randomized to either the VR-based training group or the control group in a 1:1 ratio. The VR-based training group participated in training for 30 min/day, two days/week, for three months (24 times). The VR-based program was designed based on Korean traditional culture and used attention, processing speed, executive function and memory conditions to stimulate cognitive function. The adherence to the culture-based VR training program was 91.55% ± 6.41% in the VR group. The only adverse events observed in the VR group were dizziness (4.2%) and fatigue (8.3%). Analysis revealed that the VR-based training group exhibited no significant differences following the three-month VR program in Korean Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE) scores, working memory functions such as performance on the digit span test, or in Stroop test performance and word fluency. We conclude that although the 12-week culture-based VR training program did not improve cognitive function, our findings revealed that the culture-based VR training program was feasible and tolerable for participants with aMCI.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility and Tolerability of a Culture-Based Virtual Reality (VR) Training Program in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study

Park

Liao

Kim

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…Interventions that might be helpful both during development and in the adult and ageing brain include a variety of growth factors including BDNF, as well as exercise 250 . Physical activity has been shown to improve memory in rodent models of ageing and dementia 251,252 , and is associated with better cognitive function in ageing humans [253][254][255][256] .…”

Section: Potential Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early-life adversity and neurological disease: age-old questions and novel answers

2019

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Neurological illnesses, including cognitive impairment, memory decline and dementia, affect over 50 million people worldwide, imposing a substantial burden on individuals and society. These disorders arise from a combination of genetic, environmental and experiential factors, with the latter two factors having the greatest impact during sensitive periods in development. In this Review , we focus on the contribution of adverse early-life experiences to aberrant brain maturation, which might underlie vulnerability to cognitive brain disorders. Specifically , we draw on recent robust discoveries from diverse disciplines, encompassing human studies and experimental models. These discoveries suggest that early-life adversity , especially in the perinatal period, influences the maturation of brain circuits involved in cognition. Importantly , new findings suggest that fragmented and unpredictable environmental and parental signals comprise a novel potent type of adversity , which contributes to subsequent vulnerabilities to cognitive illnesses via mechanisms involving disordered maturation of brain 'wiring'.

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“…At the anatomical level, attention and executive functions rely on cortico-basal ganglia loops involving the striatum, which also plays a fundamental role in motor control and motor learning [46,47]. This shared reliance on overlapping cortico-basal ganglia networks may contribute to the beneficial effects of physical exercise on executive functioning in healthy older adults [48], and in patients with Parkinson's disease [49]. Additionally, in a previous pilot study assessing the feasibility of the present drumming training, we observed WM changes and improvements in executive functions in HD patients following the intervention [25].…”

Section: Interventions and Brain Plasticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Drumming Motor Sequence Training Induces Apparent Myelin Remodelling in Huntington’s Disease: A Longitudinal Diffusion MRI and Quantitative Magnetization Transfer Study

Casella

Bourbon‐Teles

Bells

et al. 2020

JHD

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Background: Impaired myelination may contribute to Huntington’s disease (HD) pathogenesis. Objective: This study assessed differences in white matter (WM) microstructure between HD patients and controls, and tested whether drumming training stimulates WM remodelling in HD. Furthermore, it examined whether training-induced microstructural changes are related to improvements in motor and cognitive function. Methods: Participants undertook two months of drumming exercises. Working memory and executive function were assessed before and post-training. Changes in WM microstructure were investigated with diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DT-MRI)-based metrics, the restricted diffusion signal fraction (Fr) from the composite hindered and restricted model of diffusion (CHARMED) and the macromolecular proton fraction (MPF) from quantitative magnetization transfer (qMT) imaging. WM pathways linking putamen and supplementary motor areas (SMA-Putamen), and three segments of the corpus callosum (CCI, CCII, CCIII) were studied using deterministic tractography. Baseline MPF differences between patients and controls were assessed with tract-based spatial statistics. Results: MPF was reduced in the mid-section of the CC in HD subjects at baseline, while a significantly greater change in MPF was detected in HD patients relative to controls in the CCII, CCIII, and the right SMA-putamen post-training. Further, although patients improved their drumming and executive function performance, such improvements did not correlate with microstructural changes. Increased MPF suggests training-induced myelin changes in HD. Conclusion: Though only preliminary and based on a small sample size, these results suggest that tailored behavioural stimulation may lead to neural benefits in early HD, that could be exploited for delaying disease progression.

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The effects of physical exercise on executive function in community-dwelling older adults living with Alzheimer’s-type dementia: A systematic review

Cited by 59 publications

References 53 publications

Feasibility and Tolerability of a Culture-Based Virtual Reality (VR) Training Program in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study

Feasibility and Tolerability of a Culture-Based Virtual Reality (VR) Training Program in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study

Early-life adversity and neurological disease: age-old questions and novel answers

Drumming Motor Sequence Training Induces Apparent Myelin Remodelling in Huntington’s Disease: A Longitudinal Diffusion MRI and Quantitative Magnetization Transfer Study

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