The effects of maternal depression and maternal selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor exposure on offspring

Olivier, Jocelien; Åkerud, Helena; Kaihola, Helena; Pawluski, Jodi L.; Skalkidou, Alkistis; Högberg, Ulf; Sundström‐Poromaa, Inger

doi:10.3389/fncel.2013.00073

Cited by 93 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 179 publications

(304 reference statements)

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“…The biologic plausibility of a teratogenic effect of SSRIs in humans is based on studies of drug and metabolite levels in amniotic fluid and cord blood combined with evidence from animal studies [52]. Most SSRIs have a short half-life (approximately 1 day).…”

Section: Ssri Use In First Trimester Pregnancy and Risk Of Congenitalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant use in first trimester pregnancy and risk of specific congenital anomalies: a European register-based study

et al. 2015

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Dolk, H. (2015). Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant use in first trimester pregnancy and risk of specific congenital anomalies: a European register-based study. European Journal of Epidemiology, 30(11), 1187-1198. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-015-0065-y General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Queen's University Belfast Research Portal is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.

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Section: Ssri Use In First Trimester Pregnancy and Risk Of Congenitalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant use in first trimester pregnancy and risk of specific congenital anomalies: a European register-based study

et al. 2015

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“…Antenatal depression is an established cause of child emotional and behavioral problems (21). Low LC-PUFA status might place women at risk of depression or can result from dietary changes due to depression (22).…”

Section: Mechanism Of Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal LC-PUFA status during pregnancy and child problem behavior: the Generation R Study

et al. 2014

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Background: Omega 3 (n-3) and 6 (n-6) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) and the n-3:n-6 ratio are important for brain development. Whether maternal LC-PUFA status during pregnancy affects risk of problem behavior in later childhood is unclear. Methods: Within a population-based cohort, we measured maternal plasma docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and arachidonic acid (AA) concentrations and n-3:n-6-ratio in mid-pregnancy. Child emotional and behavioral problems at 6 y of age were assessed by parents (child behavior checklist), teachers (teacher report form), and combined parent/teacher report. results: Higher maternal DHA and n-3:n-6 ratio were associated with fewer child emotional problems using parent (odds ratio (OR) DHA = 0.82; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.70, 0.96; P = 0.02 and OR n-3:n-6 = 0.83; 95% CI: 0.71, 0.96; P = 0.01; n = 5,307) and combined parent/teacher scores (OR DHA = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.66, 0.95; P = 0.01 and OR n-3:n-6 = 0.77; 95% CI: 0.65, 0.92; P < 0.01; n = 2,828). Higher AA was associated with more child behavioral problems using teacher (OR = 1.10; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.20; P = 0.04; n = 3,365) and combined parent/teacher scores (OR = 1.12; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.22; P = 0.02; n = 2,827). Maternal EPA was not associated with child problem behavior. conclusion: Indications of associations of maternal LC-PUFA status with child emotional and behavioral problems were found. Future research is needed to identify LC-PUFAsensitive periods of fetal brain development by including multiple assessments of prenatal LC-PUFA status. t wo families of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), the omega 3 (n-3) and 6 (n-6) fatty acids (FAs), are nutrients that play a major role in brain development and functioning. They affect numerous processes, including membrane fluidity, neurotransmission, and gene expression (1). The long-chain PUFAs (LC-PUFAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; C20:5n-3), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6n-3), and arachidonic acid (AA; C20:4n-6) are the main FAs that are metabolically active.In addition, the ratio between n-3 and n-6 FAs is important for optimal brain functioning. During the last century, however, the Western diet has provided a lower n-3 and higher n-6 intake than that in previous generations, diminishing the n-3:n-6 ratio (2).Because of their role in brain function and development, maternal LC-PUFAs during fetal development have been hypothesized to affect child problem behavior. Approximately half of the dry weight of the brain is lipid, of which 35% are PUFA, most of which is LC-PUFA (1). Increase in AA and DHA content of brain tissue starts during the third trimester of pregnancy (3), indicating that the fetal period possibly is a sensitive period. Moreover, the fetus mostly depends on maternal LC-PUFA supply for its development, because fetal LC-PUFA synthesis is limited (4).Research in this field is however scarce, and results are conflicting. Two studies on maternal fish intake, a major source of DHA, during pregnancy and offspring problem beha...

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“…Extensive studies in animal models have demonstrated the important role of serotonin in foetal neurodevelopment (Velasquez et al 2013). Studies in pregnant women diagnosed with mood disorders, or receiving treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), are also consistent with a key role for serotonin pathways in foetal development (Oberlander 2012;Olivier et al 2013), with effects persisting at least to childhood. The serotonin and glucocorticoid signalling systems also interact, with glucocorticoids regulating serotonin synthesis, transport, re-uptake and neuronal receptor expression, whilst serotonin controls glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptor expression in the central nervous system (Wyrwoll and Holmes 2012).…”

Section: Changes In Placental Growth Gene Expression and Epigenetic mentioning

confidence: 96%

Mechanisms Linking In Utero Stress to Altered Offspring Behaviour

Mina

Reynolds

2014

Behavioral Neurobiology of Stress-Related Disorders

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Development in utero is recognised as a determinant of health in later life, a concept known as early life 'programming'. Several studies in humans have now shown a link between in utero stressors of maternal stress, anxiety and depression and adverse behavioural outcomes for the offspring including poorer cognitive function and behavioural and emotional problems. These behaviours are observed from the very early neonatal period and appear to persist through to adulthood. Underlying mechanisms are not known but overexposure of the developing foetus to glucocorticoids has been proposed. Dysregulation of the maternal and offspring hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis has been proposed as a mechanism linking in utero stress with offspring behavioural outcomes. Studies suggest that altered circulating levels of maternal cortisol during pregnancy and/or changes in placental gene expression or methylation, which result in increased glucocorticoid transfer to the developing foetus, are linked to changes in offspring behaviour and in activity of the offspring HPA axis. Further understanding of the underlying pathways and identification of any gestation of vulnerability are needed to help design interventions to reduce in utero stress and improve behavioural outcomes in the offspring.

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The effects of maternal depression and maternal selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor exposure on offspring

Cited by 93 publications

References 179 publications

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant use in first trimester pregnancy and risk of specific congenital anomalies: a European register-based study

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant use in first trimester pregnancy and risk of specific congenital anomalies: a European register-based study

Maternal LC-PUFA status during pregnancy and child problem behavior: the Generation R Study

Mechanisms Linking In Utero Stress to Altered Offspring Behaviour

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