The effects of exhaustive swimming and probiotic administration in trained rats: Oxidative balance of selected organs, colon morphology, and contractility

Abstract

The duration and intensity of exercise are significant factors in oxidative, morphological, and functional changes of the gastrointestinal tract. This study aimed to investigate the effects of both exhaustive swimming and probiotic VSL#3 on rats that had been previously trained with moderate swimming. The rats were divided into four groups labeled: control (C), probiotic (P), exercise (E), and probiotic-exercise (PE). Groups P and PE were fed with probiotic mixture VSL#3. Groups E and PE had a 5-week moderate swimming program (1 h/day for 5 days/week), followed by a 1-week exhaustive swimming program (trained like in moderate program but 3 times with 150 min resting sessions, for 5 days/week). At the end of the program, the rats were euthanized. Malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and reduced glutathione levels were measured in tissue samples from the gastrocnemius muscle, heart, liver, kidney, and colon. In vitro contractile activity and histomorphology of the colon were also determined. Exercise and/or probiotic decreased the oxidative stress and also increased the level of one or more of the antioxidant enzymes in some of the organs. Probiotics had more pronounced effects on colon morphology than exercise but unexpectedly this effect was non-trophic. In the colon, the thickness of the tunica muscularis and the number of goblet cells were not affected; however, probiotic administration decreased the crypt depth and tunica mucosa thickness. Exercise increased the E max value of acetylcholine (ACh), while decreased its sensitivity. These findings suggest that exhaustive swimming does not cause oxidative stress and that probiotic consumption improves oxidative balance in trained rats. The probiotic intake does not alter the effect of exercise on the contractile activity of the colon. Colon mucosal changes induced by probiotics are independent of exercise.

Gut-Muscle Axis Exists and May Affect Skeletal Muscle Adaptation to Training

“…Numerous researches have indicated the validity of intestinal microbiota-targeted strategies to improve training parameters and increase training capabilities, as presented in Table 1. The researches indicate the ability of intestinal microbiota to alleviate oxidative stress and exercise-induced inflammation [78][79][80]119,120]. A trial conducted by Jager et al have shown that Bacillus coagulans GBI-30 probiotic supplementation improves the anaerobic capacity measured by the Wingate Test [121].…”

Derin Kızartılmış Ayçiçeği Yağının Bir Fare Modelinde Sperm Parametreleri Üzerindeki Etkileri: Probiyotiklerin Koruyucu Etkisi Var mı?

“…Dardmeh et al [2] showed that Lactobacillus SAYINER, GÜLMEZ SABİT, GÜLMEZ Deep-frying Oil Effect on Sperm rhamnosus PB01 has a positive effect on both weight loss and reproductive hormones, significantly improving sperm motility and kinematic parameters. Numerous studies have been published using various rodent species to investigate the effects of probiotics on health [16,[32][33][34][35] .…”

Gut Microbiota, Probiotics and Physical Performance in Athletes and Physically Active Individuals

“…Associations between probiotics and physical performance and plausible mechanisms underlying these actions have been addressed in animal studies, which have suggested that probiotic supplementation protects against undesirable physiological changes that may be induced by strenuous exercise. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that probiotics can improve gut barrier properties [ 61 ] and the antioxidative status [ 62 ] and attenuate inflammatory response [ 63 , 64 , 65 ] in rodents after exhaustive exercise. However, how these protective effects are associated with physical performance outcomes has not been determined.…”