The effects of electric vehicles on residential households in the city of Indianapolis

Quantifying economic benefits in the ancillary electricity market for smart appliances in Singapore households

“…Usage patterns of appliances from summer months from California and Indianapolis Indiana were aggregated and calibrated from previous studies [24,29]. These were then used as inputs into the model and fitted to the recorded profiles [40].…”

“…The basic framework of the household model has been discussed in several previous publications [24][25][26][27][28][29]. In essence, each household is defined as a set of appliances, and in this model, they each own a set of N appliances, where a n represents one unique appliance.…”

“…The agent then decided from a set of operational modes such as charging, discharging and grid sell back of energy based on instantaneous energy prices. In [28,29,31], PHEVs were modeled as smart appliances similar to the battery banks described above but with added contextual decisions based on the location of the vehicle in the urban area. In this model, specifically, the appliances decide against different operational modes as described below, based on the current price of electricity and the ancillary market it is participating in.…”

“…In a study conducted by the National Environment Agency of Singapore (NEA), a representative segment of Singaporean households were recruited to have their detailed appliance electricity usage recorded over a period of seven days [40]. The remaining profiles were inferred from other publications [41] and from profiles developed in past studies [24,29]. The collection of appliances used in this study is given in Appendix Table 1.…”

A Mobile Battery Swapping Service for Electric Vehicles Based on a Battery Swapping Van

“…For the realization of EVs, many studies have looked at the potential impact, adoption limitation, potential operational pattern and actual usage simulation of EVs in current electricity grids [17][18][19][20]. Most research indicates that energy replenishment is a significant factor in making EVs more competitive because of range anxiety among the EV users [4,5].…”