The Effects of Eicosanoid Biosynthesis Inhibitors On Prophenoloxidase Activation, Phagocytosis and Cell Spreading in Galleria mellonella

Mandato, Craig A.; Diehl-Jones, William; Moore, Susan; Downer, Roger

doi:10.1016/s0022-1910(96)00100-x

Cited by 120 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Using similar experimental protocols, we have obtained comparable results with several insect species, including the tenebrionid beetle, Zophobas atratus (Miller et al, 1996), the silkworm, Bombyx mori (Stanley-Samuelson et al, 1997) the larvae of two other moths, black cutworms, Agrotis ipsilon and true armyworms, Pseudaletia unipuncta (Jurenka et al, 1997), adults of the cricket, Gryllus assimilis (Miller et al, 1999), the cockroach, Periplaneta americana (Tunaz and Stanley, 1999) and the 17-year periodical cicadas, Magicicada septendecim and M. cassini (Tunaz et al, 1999). In related work, Mandato et al (1997) found that cell spreading and prophenoloxidase activation, two distinct phases of nodulation, as well as another cellular defense reaction, phagocytosis, also are mediated by eicosanoids in waxmoths, Galleria mellonella. These findings uniformly support the eicosanoid hypothesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Eicosanoids act in nodulation reactions to bacterial infections in newly emerged adult honey bees, Apis mellifera, but not in older foragers

Bedick

Tunaz

Aliza

et al. 2001

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology &

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Nodulation is the first, and qualitatively predominant, cellular defense reaction to bacterial infections in insects. We tested the hypothesis that eicosanoids also mediate nodulation reactions to bacterial challenge in adults of a social insect, the honey bee, Apis mellifera. Treating newly-emerged experimental bees with the eicosanoid biosynthesis inhibitor, dexamethasone, impaired nodulation reactions to bacterial infections, and the influence of dexamethasone was reversed by treating infected insects with arachidonic acid, an eicosanoid precursor. Several other eicosanoid biosynthesis inhibitors, including the cyclooxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin, and the dual cyclooxygenase/lipoxygenase inhibitor, phenidone, also impaired the ability of experimental honeybees to form nodules in reaction to bacterial challenge. The influence of phenidone on nodulation was expressed in a dose-dependent manner. However, in experiments with older honey bees foragers, similar bacterial challenge did not evoke nodulation reactions. We infer from our results that while eicosanoids mediate cellular immune responses to bacterial infections in newly emerged honey bees, and more broadly, in most insect species, nodulation reactions to bacterial challenge probably do not occur in all phases of insect life cycles.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Eicosanoids act in nodulation reactions to bacterial infections in newly emerged adult honey bees, Apis mellifera, but not in older foragers

Bedick

Tunaz

Aliza

et al. 2001

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology &

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“…Mandato et al [39] investigated eicosanoid actions in 3 discrete cellular processes within the overall nodulation reaction of the waxmoth larvae, Galleria mellonella, reporting that eicosanoids mediate phagocytosis, cell spreading and PPO activation. Morishima et al [40] suggested that eicosanoids mediate induction of the genes for cecropin and lysozyme in fat body of the silkworm, Bombyx mori.…”

Section: Eicosanoids Mediate Insect Cellular Immune Reactions To Bactmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eicosanoid Actions in Insect Immunity

2009

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Insects express 3 lines of protection from infections and invasions. Their cuticles and peritrophic membranes are physical barriers. Infections and invasions are quickly recognized within insect bodies, and recognition launches 2 lines of innate immune reactions. Humoral reactions involve induced synthesis of antimicrobial peptides, the bacteriolytic enzyme lysozyme and activation of the prophenoloxidase system. Cellular immune reactions include phagocytosis, nodulation and encapsulation. These reactions entail direct interactions between circulating hemocytes and the invaders. Cellular immune reactions begin immediately after an invasion is detected while antimicrobial peptides typically appear in the hemolymph some hours after infection. Microaggregation is a step in the nodulation process, which is responsible for clearing the bulk of bacterial infections from circulation. Coordinated cellular actions lead to encapsulation of invaders, such as parasitoid eggs, that are very much larger than individual hemocytes. In this paper, we review the roles of eicosanoids as central mediators of insect immune reactions, particularly cellular reactions. We briefly describe insect immune functions, outline eicosanoid biosynthesis and treat eicosanoid actions in cellular immunity of insects. Eicosanoids act in several cellular defense functions, including phagocytosis, microaggregation, nodulation, encapsulation, cell spreading and hemocyte migration toward a source of a bacterial peptide. We also describe our most recent work on the influence of one group of eicosanoids, prostaglandins, on gene expression in an established insect cell line.

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“…Several studies have demonstrated a role in various insects for eicosanoids in the hemocyte aggregation and nodulation response to blood-borne bacteria (Jurenka et al, 1997;Miller et al, 1996;Tunaz et al, 1999). Mandato et al (1997) reported that eicosanoids mediate phagocytosis of carboxylated latex beads, prophenoloxidase activation, and cell spreading in Galleria mellonella. With the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, and the tenebrionid beetle, Zophobas atratus, September 2002 as models, Howard et al (1998) demonstrated that the influence of eicosanoids on nodulation applies across bacterial genera.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eicosanoids mediate Manduca sexta cellular response to the fungal pathogen Beauveria bassiana: A role for the lipoxygenase pathway

Lord

Anderson

Stanley

2002

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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Many studies have documented the involvement of eicosanoids in insect cellular immune responses to bacteria. The use of the fungal pathogen Beauveria bassiana as a nodulation elicitor, with inhibition of phospholipase A 2 by dexamethasone, extends the principle to fungi. This study also provides the first evidence of involvement of the lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway rather than the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway in synthesis of the nodulation mediating eicosanoid(s). The LOX product, 5(S)-hydroperoxyeicosa-6E,8Z,11Z,14Z-tetraenoic acid (5-HPETE), substantially reversed nodulation inhibition caused by dexamethasone and the LOX inhibitors, caffeic acid and esculetin. The COX product, prostaglandin H 2 (PGH 2 ), did not reverse the nodulation inhibition by dexamethasone or the COX inhibitor, ibuprofen. None of the inhibitors tested had a significant effect on the phagocytosis of B. bassiana blastospores in vitro. Hemocyte phenoloxidase activity was reduced by dexamethasone, esculetin, and the COX inhibitor, indomethacin. The rescue candidates 5-HPETE and PGH 2 did not reverse the inhibition. Arch.

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The Effects of Eicosanoid Biosynthesis Inhibitors On Prophenoloxidase Activation, Phagocytosis and Cell Spreading in Galleria mellonella

Cited by 120 publications

References 32 publications

Eicosanoids act in nodulation reactions to bacterial infections in newly emerged adult honey bees, Apis mellifera, but not in older foragers

Eicosanoids act in nodulation reactions to bacterial infections in newly emerged adult honey bees, Apis mellifera, but not in older foragers

Eicosanoid Actions in Insect Immunity

Eicosanoids mediate Manduca sexta cellular response to the fungal pathogen Beauveria bassiana: A role for the lipoxygenase pathway

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