The effects of copper on the behaviour, respiration, filtration and ventilation activity ofMytilus edulis

Abstract

The behaviour and physiological responses of Mytilus edulis L. to increased concentrations of copperare dependent on the absolute copper concentration present and not the rate of increase of concentration. The sequence of behavioural responses isolating the animal from heightened sea-water copper concentration is similar to that observed in response to lowered salinities. The effects of copper onthe oxygen consumption of intact and ‘propped open’ and animals whose posterior adductor muscles havebeen severed suggest that only measurements of animals in the latter state give a true reflexion of the effects of copper on the oxygen consumption of the tissues of Mytilus. The effects of increased sea-water copper concentrations on the filtration and ventilation activity of mussels are assessed, but consideration of the data in terms of Dejour's equation of gaseous exchangesuggest that indirect measurement of ventilation activity gives rise to differing results. The adaptive advantage of theresponse of Mytilus to heightened sea-water copper concentrations is considered.

Valve movement response of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis to metals (Cu, Hg, Cd and Zn) and phosphate industry effluents from Moroccan Atlantic coast

“…In the study reported by Curtis et al (2000) with the same species, the first used concentration that significantly affected the valve activity was 50 lg Cu l -1 whereas complete valve closure occurred immediately and for 3 h at 200 lg Cu l -1 . This LOEC for complete valve closure has been previously reported by Davenport and Manley (1978), Manley (1983) and Grace and Gainey (1987). In the clam Scrobicularia plana, Akberali and Black (1981) reported a LOEC at 10 lg Cu l -1 and complete valve closure at 500 lg Cu l -1 .…”

“…The observed behavioural figures were first described by Foster-Smith (1976) and were reported in all similar studies (Davenport and Manley 1978;Manley 1983;Kramer et al 1989;Salanki and Balogh 1989;Jenner et al 1992;Kontreczky et al 1997;Curtis et al 2000;Tran et al 2003).…”

Valve movement response of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis to metals (Cu, Hg, Cd and Zn) and phosphate industry effluents from Moroccan Atlantic coast

“…In the study reported by Curtis et al (2000) with the same species, the first used concentration that significantly affected the valve activity was 50 lg Cu l -1 whereas complete valve closure occurred immediately and for 3 h at 200 lg Cu l -1 . This LOEC for complete valve closure has been previously reported by Davenport and Manley (1978), Manley (1983) and Grace and Gainey (1987). In the clam Scrobicularia plana, Akberali and Black (1981) reported a LOEC at 10 lg Cu l -1 and complete valve closure at 500 lg Cu l -1 .…”

“…The observed behavioural figures were first described by Foster-Smith (1976) and were reported in all similar studies (Davenport and Manley 1978;Manley 1983;Kramer et al 1989;Salanki and Balogh 1989;Jenner et al 1992;Kontreczky et al 1997;Curtis et al 2000;Tran et al 2003).…”

Effect of temperature on heavy metal toxicity to juvenile crayfish,Orconectes immunis (Hagen)

“…Since road side ponds are generally contaminated with inorganic metals, pesticides, oil hydrocarbons, etc., (Coello et al, 1974;Ordonez et al, 2003;Sutherland, 2003;Swaileh et al, 2003) the populations of this widely distributed species (Creaser, 1933) in such polluted dwellings should be examined for temperature sensitivity. The temperature-related increase in toxicity of heavy metals has been reported in other crustaceans (Vernberg and Vernberg, 1972;O'Hara, 1973) and invertebrates (Bryan, 1971;Manley, 1983;Depledge, 1987;Manece, 1987;Kraak et al, 1993;Rao and Khan, 2000). Species respond differently to such stresses.…”

Effects of Hypoxia on Valve-Closure Time and Bioaccumulation of 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol by the Freshwater ClamSphaerium corneum[L.]

“…It is likely that the TCP concentrations used were too low to have a significant effect on valvemovement behavior. Toxicants may, however, decrease or totally cease the actual ventilation rate even before complete valve closure (Manley, 1983;Abel, 1976). Because of the simple monitoring method used in this study, possible TCPinduced changes to ventilation rate or subtle changes in valve openness were not detected and the effects of these responses in this study cannot be excluded.…”

Valve movement response of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis to metals (Cu, Hg, Cd and Zn) and phosphate industry effluents from Moroccan Atlantic coast

“…In the study reported by Curtis et al (2000) with the same species, the first used concentration that significantly affected the valve activity was 50 lg Cu l -1 whereas complete valve closure occurred immediately and for 3 h at 200 lg Cu l -1 . This LOEC for complete valve closure has been previously reported by Davenport and Manley (1978), Manley (1983) and Grace and Gainey (1987). In the clam Scrobicularia plana, Akberali and Black (1981) reported a LOEC at 10 lg Cu l -1 and complete valve closure at 500 lg Cu l -1 .…”

“…The observed behavioural figures were first described by Foster-Smith (1976) and were reported in all similar studies (Davenport and Manley 1978;Manley 1983;Kramer et al 1989;Salanki and Balogh 1989;Jenner et al 1992;Kontreczky et al 1997;Curtis et al 2000;Tran et al 2003).…”

Effect of temperature on heavy metal toxicity to juvenile crayfish,Orconectes immunis (Hagen)

“…Since road side ponds are generally contaminated with inorganic metals, pesticides, oil hydrocarbons, etc., (Coello et al, 1974;Ordonez et al, 2003;Sutherland, 2003;Swaileh et al, 2003) the populations of this widely distributed species (Creaser, 1933) in such polluted dwellings should be examined for temperature sensitivity. The temperature-related increase in toxicity of heavy metals has been reported in other crustaceans (Vernberg and Vernberg, 1972;O'Hara, 1973) and invertebrates (Bryan, 1971;Manley, 1983;Depledge, 1987;Manece, 1987;Kraak et al, 1993;Rao and Khan, 2000). Species respond differently to such stresses.…”

Effects of Hypoxia on Valve-Closure Time and Bioaccumulation of 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol by the Freshwater ClamSphaerium corneum[L.]

“…It is likely that the TCP concentrations used were too low to have a significant effect on valvemovement behavior. Toxicants may, however, decrease or totally cease the actual ventilation rate even before complete valve closure (Manley, 1983;Abel, 1976). Because of the simple monitoring method used in this study, possible TCPinduced changes to ventilation rate or subtle changes in valve openness were not detected and the effects of these responses in this study cannot be excluded.…”

Valve movement response of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis to metals (Cu, Hg, Cd and Zn) and phosphate industry effluents from Moroccan Atlantic coast

“…In the study reported by Curtis et al (2000) with the same species, the first used concentration that significantly affected the valve activity was 50 lg Cu l -1 whereas complete valve closure occurred immediately and for 3 h at 200 lg Cu l -1 . This LOEC for complete valve closure has been previously reported by Davenport and Manley (1978), Manley (1983) and Grace and Gainey (1987). In the clam Scrobicularia plana, Akberali and Black (1981) reported a LOEC at 10 lg Cu l -1 and complete valve closure at 500 lg Cu l -1 .…”

“…The observed behavioural figures were first described by Foster-Smith (1976) and were reported in all similar studies (Davenport and Manley 1978;Manley 1983;Kramer et al 1989;Salanki and Balogh 1989;Jenner et al 1992;Kontreczky et al 1997;Curtis et al 2000;Tran et al 2003).…”

Effect of temperature on heavy metal toxicity to juvenile crayfish,Orconectes immunis (Hagen)

“…Since road side ponds are generally contaminated with inorganic metals, pesticides, oil hydrocarbons, etc., (Coello et al, 1974;Ordonez et al, 2003;Sutherland, 2003;Swaileh et al, 2003) the populations of this widely distributed species (Creaser, 1933) in such polluted dwellings should be examined for temperature sensitivity. The temperature-related increase in toxicity of heavy metals has been reported in other crustaceans (Vernberg and Vernberg, 1972;O'Hara, 1973) and invertebrates (Bryan, 1971;Manley, 1983;Depledge, 1987;Manece, 1987;Kraak et al, 1993;Rao and Khan, 2000). Species respond differently to such stresses.…”

Effects of Hypoxia on Valve-Closure Time and Bioaccumulation of 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol by the Freshwater ClamSphaerium corneum[L.]

“…It is likely that the TCP concentrations used were too low to have a significant effect on valvemovement behavior. Toxicants may, however, decrease or totally cease the actual ventilation rate even before complete valve closure (Manley, 1983;Abel, 1976). Because of the simple monitoring method used in this study, possible TCPinduced changes to ventilation rate or subtle changes in valve openness were not detected and the effects of these responses in this study cannot be excluded.…”