The Effects of Cadmium Toxicity

Genchi, Giuseppe; Sinicropi, Maria Stefania; Lauria, Graziantonio; Carocci, Alessia; Catalano, Alessia

doi:10.3390/ijerph17113782

Cited by 1,476 publications

(806 citation statements)

References 142 publications

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“…Meanwhile, the demethylase KDM5B mRNA level was significantly changed by MC-LR exposure, indicating that MC-LR meiotic maturation failure may result from an impairment of epigenetic modifications in porcine oocytes. These results consistent with the opinion which indicated that pollutants might cause cell dysfunctions via epigenetic modifications ( Genchi et al, 2020 ; Zheng et al, 2020 ). However, VC restored these abnormal epigenetic alterations in MC-LR-exposed oocytes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Vitamin C Protects Porcine Oocytes From Microcystin-LR Toxicity During Maturation

Zhang

Zhou

et al. 2020

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Microcystin-leucine arginine (MC-LR) is the most toxic cyanotoxin found in water bodies. Microcystins are produced as secondary products of cyanobacteria metabolism. They have a stable structure, and can bioaccumulate in living organisms. Humans and livestock who drink fresh water containing MC-LR can be poisoned. However, few studies have reported the effects of MC-LR exposure on livestock or human reproduction. In this study, we used porcine oocytes as a model to explore the effects of MC-LR on oocyte maturation, and studied the impact of vitamin C (VC) administration on MC-LR-induced meiosis defects. Exposure to MC-LR significantly restricted cumulus cell expansion and decreased first polar body extrusion. Further studies showed that MC-LR exposure led to meiosis arrest by disturbing cytoskeleton dynamics with MC-LR exposed oocytes displaying aberrant spindle organization, low levels of acetylate α-tubulin, and disturbed actin polymerization. Additionally, MC-LR exposure impaired cytoplasmic maturation by inducing mitochondria dysfunction. Moreover, MC-LR also produced abnormal epigenetic modifications, and induced high levels of oxidative stress, caused DNA damage and early apoptosis. The administration of VC provided partial protection from all of the defects observed in oocytes exposed to MC-LR. These results demonstrate that MC-LR has a toxic effect on oocyte meiosis through mitochondrial dysfunction-induced ROS, DNA damage and early apoptosis. Supplementation of VC is able to protect against MC-LR-induced oocyte damage and represents a potential therapeutic strategy to improve the quality of MC-LR-exposed oocytes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Vitamin C Protects Porcine Oocytes From Microcystin-LR Toxicity During Maturation

Zhang

Zhou

et al. 2020

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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“…For example, Cd exposure influences the human male reproductive organs/system and deteriorates spermatogenesis and semen quality, especially sperm motility and hormonal synthesis/release. Based on experimental and human studies, it also impairs female reproduction and the reproductive hormonal balance and affects menstrual cycles [ 16 , 17 ]. In animals, experimental studies revealed that Cd and Cd compounds (referred to as Cd) by multiple routes of exposure prompt benign and malignant tumor formation at various sites in many species of experimental animals [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytoremediation of Cadmium: Physiological, Biochemical, and Molecular Mechanisms

Raza

Habib

Najafi-Kakavand

et al. 2020

Biology

168

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Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic metals in the environment, and has noxious effects on plant growth and production. Cd-accumulating plants showed reduced growth and productivity. Therefore, remediation of this non-essential and toxic pollutant is a prerequisite. Plant-based phytoremediation methodology is considered as one a secure, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective approach for toxic metal remediation. Phytoremediating plants transport and accumulate Cd inside their roots, shoots, leaves, and vacuoles. Phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated sites through hyperaccumulator plants proves a ground-breaking and profitable choice to combat the contaminants. Moreover, the efficiency of Cd phytoremediation and Cd bioavailability can be improved by using plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB). Emerging modern molecular technologies have augmented our insight into the metabolic processes involved in Cd tolerance in regular cultivated crops and hyperaccumulator plants. Plants’ development via genetic engineering tools, like enhanced metal uptake, metal transport, Cd accumulation, and the overall Cd tolerance, unlocks new directions for phytoremediation. In this review, we outline the physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms involved in Cd phytoremediation. Further, a focus on the potential of omics and genetic engineering strategies has been documented for the efficient remediation of a Cd-contaminated environment.

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“…Evidence suggests that the heavy metals cadmium and lead interfere with a number of functions of the erythropoietic system, the processes that make red blood cells. In addition, both cadmium and lead are highly bound to intracellular and membrane proteins in the red blood cell [ 1 , 2 ], complicating analysis of their effects on erythropoiesis. Both metals are also toxic to the kidney [ 3 ], which is the site of erythropoietin synthesis, the primary hormone that stimulates red blood cell generation in the bone marrow [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association of cadmium and lead exposures with red cell distribution width

et al. 2021

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Elevated red blood cell distribution width (RDW), traditionally an indicator of anemia, has now been recognized as a risk marker for cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality. Experimental and acute exposure studies suggest that cadmium and lead individually affect red blood cell production; however, associations between environmental exposures and RDW have not been explored. We evaluated relationships of environmental cadmium and lead exposures to RDW. We used data from 24,607 participants aged ≥20 years in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003–2016) with information on blood concentrations of cadmium and lead, RDW and socio-demographic factors. In models adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, poverty income ratio, BMI, alcohol consumption, smoking status and serum cotinine, RDW was increasingly elevated across progressively higher quartiles of blood cadmium concentration. A doubling of cadmium concentration was associated with 0.16 higher RDW (95% CI: 0.14, 0.18) and a doubling of lead concentration with 0.04 higher RDW (95% CI: 0.01, 0.06). Also, higher cadmium and lead concentrations were associated with increased odds of high RDW (RDW>14.8%). The associations were more pronounced in women and those with low-to-normal mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and held even after controlling for iron, folate or vitamin B12 deficiencies. In analysis including both metals, cadmium remained associated with RDW, whereas the corresponding association for lead was substantially attenuated. In this general population sample, blood cadmium and lead exposures were positively associated with RDW. The associations may indicate hemolytic or erythropoietic mechanisms by which exposure increases mortality risk.

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The Effects of Cadmium Toxicity

Cited by 1,476 publications

References 142 publications

Vitamin C Protects Porcine Oocytes From Microcystin-LR Toxicity During Maturation

Vitamin C Protects Porcine Oocytes From Microcystin-LR Toxicity During Maturation

Phytoremediation of Cadmium: Physiological, Biochemical, and Molecular Mechanisms

The association of cadmium and lead exposures with red cell distribution width

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