The effects of birth weight and postnatal linear growth retardation on body mass index, fatness and fat distribution in mid and late childhood

Walker, Susan; Gaskin, Pamela S.; Powell, Catherine; Bennett, Franklyn I.

doi:10.1079/phn2002275

Cited by 69 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 26 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…12,13 In our earlier follow-up of this cohort at age 11 years, stunted children had higher SSF/TSF ratios than non-stunted children, but this difference was largely due to birth weight, which predicted central obesity and differed between the groups. 10 The stunted subjects remained significantly shorter than the non-stunted group. However, there was substantial catch-up growth in the stunted group and only 10.7% still had height-for-age below -2 s.d.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…At age 11 years, the stunted children had lower BMIs and less fat than non-stunted children, but a more central fat distribution. 10 Follow-up study At age 17-18 years, 167 participants were located and measured, 78% of those enrolled in childhood. Loss to the study was not different by group and was primarily due to migration, which accounted for 73% of children lost.…”

Section: Initial Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Maternal height was measured on enrollment and the children's pubertal status (pubertal or pre-pubertal) was assessed at age 11 years. 10 Information on age at menarche was obtained at age 11 years and at ongoing visits to the subjects' homes during the interval up to the current follow-up. Birth weight was obtained from hospital records or by maternal recall when the subjects were enrolled.…”

Section: Initial Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We previously reported that stunted children identified at age 9-24 months remained thinner at age 11 years than non-stunted children from the same neighborhoods. 10 A study of girls aged 11-15 years in Senegal found no difference in body mass index (BMI) or body fat between those stunted or non-stunted in infancy, 11 suggesting some catch-up in weight in the stunted group as they were thinner in infancy. Follow-up of Guatemalan children showed that childhood stunting was associated with lower BMI and body fat among men at age 18-24 years but no relation was found in women.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The association between early childhood stunting and weight status in late adolescence

2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Cross-sectional studies have shown associations between stunting and overweight; however, there are few prospective studies of stunted children. Objectives: To determine whether stunting before age 2 years is associated with overweight and central adiposity at 17-18 years and whether growth in height among stunted children predicts body mass index (BMI) in late adolescence. Design: Prospective cohort study. Participants: One-hundred and three participants stunted by age 2 years and 64 non-stunted participants (78% of participants enrolled in childhood). Participants were measured in early childhood and at ages 7, 11 and 17 years. Results: Stunted subjects remained shorter and had lower BMIs, smaller skinfolds and circumferences than non-stunted subjects. Overweight (BMI X25 m 2 ) was not significantly different among stunted and non-stunted male subjects (5.2 and 12.5%) but non-stunted female subjects were more likely to be overweight than those who experienced early childhood stunting (11.1 and 34.4%, P ¼ 0.013). Centralization of fat (waist to hip ratio (WHR), subscapular/triceps skinfold ratio (SSF/TSF)) did not differ between stunted and non-stunted groups (mean WHR 0.77 and mean SSF/TSF 1.18 in both groups). Stunted subjects with greater increases in height-for-age for the intervals 3-7 and 7-11 years had higher BMI at age 17 years (P ¼ 0.04 and P ¼ 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: Participants stunted by age 2 years were less likely to be overweight than those who were never stunted. This suggests that cross-sectional studies of the association between stunting and overweight may be misleading. Among stunted children, greater linear growth during mid-to late childhood was associated with greater BMI at age 17 years.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Initial Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Initial Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The association between early childhood stunting and weight status in late adolescence

2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Among the undernourished children there was substantial catch up growth and they had more central distribution of fat than the adequately nourished children (Walker et al, 2002). These children form an ideal group on which to test the robustness of BMI for both obesity tracking and as a screening tool in children with varying nutritional histories.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity in a cohort of black Jamaican children as estimated by BMI and other indices of adiposity

Gaskin

Walker

2003

Eur J Clin Nutr

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: To examine the relationships of body mass index (BMI) to obesity indices derived from anthropometry and to determine tracking of overweight between late childhood and early adolescence, in a cohort of children with mixed nutritional history. We also compared identification of overweight children using The International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) BMI cut-off points with skinfolds. Design: Prospective study. Setting: Kingston, Jamaica. Subjects: A total of 306 children examined at 7 -8 y and at 11 -12 y. Measurements: Triceps (TSF) and subscapular skinfolds (SSF), height and weight were measured. The sum of the skinfolds (sum SF), BMI, percentage body fat (%fat) and fat mass (FM) were calculated. Pubertal stage was assessed at 11 -12 y. Results: Overweight increased from 3.5 to 9.5% over the follow-up period. BMI was better correlated with the other indices of adiposity in girls and in the older age group. BMI tracking over follow up was high. In regression analysis BMI explained 52 and 61% of the variance in FM in boys and girls at 7 -8 y. This increased to 69% in both sexes at 11 -12 y. Using the IOTF cut-off points BMI had low sensitivity to identify children > 85th percentile of the NHANES references for SSF. The sensitivity for those assessed by TSF and sum SF was higher, but between 14 and 30% of the children were misclassified. The specificity of BMI was high. Conclusions: Adiposity increased over follow-up. Although the cohort remained relatively lean BMI rank among the fattest children was maintained. Girls were fatter than boys, reflecting adult obesity patterns. Children identified as overweight by the IOTF BMI cut-off points are likely to have high body fatness. However the BMI cut-off points may not identify many children with high body fatness. Sponsorship: Nutricia Research Foundation and the Wellcome Trust (grant no. 049235=Z=96=Z).

show abstract

Fetal and Infant Origins of Obesity

Barker¹,

Phillips²

2005

Clinical Obesity in Adults and Children

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The effects of birth weight and postnatal linear growth retardation on body mass index, fatness and fat distribution in mid and late childhood

Abstract: Children stunted in early childhood had less fat and lower BMI than non-stunted children but had a more central fat distribution that was partially explained by their lower birth weights. The association between birth weight and central fat distribution developed between 7 and 11 years.

Cited by 69 publications

References 26 publications

The association between early childhood stunting and weight status in late adolescence

The association between early childhood stunting and weight status in late adolescence

Obesity in a cohort of black Jamaican children as estimated by BMI and other indices of adiposity

Fetal and Infant Origins of Obesity

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About