The effects of Bacteriophages in Natural Mosquito Larval Habitats On The Larvicidal Potency of the Entomopathogenic Bacilli (Bacillus thuringiensis and B. sphaericus) Used for Commercial Formulations

Hussein, M. E.; Merdan, A. I.; Razik, Naiema A. Abdel; Morsy, Said; Botros, Mona

doi:10.1016/s0232-4393(11)80210-6

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…A field experiment conducted by Hussein et al (94) suggested that bacteriophage populations may increase in response to field applications of entomopathogenic bacteria, rendering subsequent applications of bacteria ineffective. Two mosquito habitats that initially harbored phage at densities too low to be detected were treated with both B. thuringiensis and B. sphaericus.…”

Section: Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher-Order Predators and the Regulation of Insect Herbivore Populations

Rosenheim

1998

Annu. Rev. Entomol.

449

352

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Empirical research has not supported the prediction that populations of terrestrial herbivorous arthropods are regulated solely by their natural enemies. Instead, both natural enemies (top-down effects) and resources (bottom-up effects) may play important regulatory roles. This review evaluates the hypothesis that higher-order predators may constrain the top-down control of herbivore populations. Natural enemies of herbivorous arthropods generally are not top predators within terrestrial food webs. Insect pathogens and entomopathogenic nematodes inhabiting the soil may be attacked by diverse micro- and mesofauna. Predatory and parasitic insects are attacked by their own suite of predators, parasitoids, and pathogens. The view of natural enemy ecology that has emerged from laboratory studies, where natural enemies are often isolated from all elements of the biotic community except for their hosts or prey, may be an unreliable guide to field dynamics. Experimental work suggests that interactions of biological control agents with their own natural enemies can disrupt the effective control of herbivore populations. Disruption has been observed experimentally in interactions of bacteria with bacteriophages, nematodes with nematophagous fungi, parasitoids with predators, parasitoids with hyperparasitoids, and predators with other predators. Higher-order predators have been little studied; manipulative field experiments will be especially valuable in furthering our understanding of their roles in arthropod communities.

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Section: Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%