“…These cells are known to release cell survival and proliferative factors and to have immunomodulatory properties, thus controlling inflammation and modifying nearby immune cells (Kiernan, Wolvius, Brama, & Farrell, 2018). The positive effect of adding MSCs to a PCL scaffold on bone regeneration has already been demonstrated in, for example, a rabbit knee defect model (with a PCL-TCP scaffold) (Shao, Goh, Hutmacher, Lee, & Zigang, 2006), a rat calvarial defect model (with a PLG-HA scaffold) (Orbay, Busse, Leach, & Sahar, 2017), and a porcine critical-sized bone defect model (with a PCL-TCP/HA scaffold) (Jensen et al, 2016).…”