The effects and mechanism of chemical additives on the pyrolysis evolution and microstructure of sol–gel derived Ba1−xSrxTiO3 thin films

Low-Temperature Growth of Highly Crystalline (Ba, Sr)TiO[sub 3] Films by CLCB Method

“…For instance, the crystallization temperature of the BST film derived from the acetylacetonate modified Ti butoxide along with Ba and Sr acetate was lower than that from the unmodified Ti precursor due to the formation of different intermediate species: i.e., (Ba, Sr) 2 TiO 2 CO 3 for the former, (Ba, Sr͒CO 3 and TiO 2 for the latter. 16 However, no carbon was detected from the CLCB-deposited BST films at substrate temperatures as low as 300°C. 29 This indicated a decomposition pathway for the precursors involving neither oxycarbonate nor carbonate species, or the facilitated decomposition of the precursors and intermediate phases, both by the CLCB.…”

“…It has been reported that solution-deposited BST films require high annealing temperatures due to the formation of intermediate phases, such as (Ba, Sr) 2 Ti 2 O 5 CO 3 , (Ba, Sr) 2 TiO 2 CO 3 and (Ba, Sr͒CO 3 /TiO 2 , which would suppress the crystallization of the perovskite BST grains in films. 16,22,24,33 The mechanism for each specific intermediate phase has not yet been clearly explained, however, different precursors are believed to take different decomposition pathways. For instance, the crystallization temperature of the BST film derived from the acetylacetonate modified Ti butoxide along with Ba and Sr acetate was lower than that from the unmodified Ti precursor due to the formation of different intermediate species: i.e., (Ba, Sr) 2 TiO 2 CO 3 for the former, (Ba, Sr͒CO 3 and TiO 2 for the latter.…”

“…[12][13][14] With sol-gel processing or chemical solution deposition methods, which require no precursor volatility, the control of film stoichiometry is facile. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] However, in these cases the formation of intermediate phase has been commonly observed and hightemperature postannealing processes are required to obtain perovskite phase. Besides, problems such as cracks in the deposited films and low throughput arise when the precursor materials are applied onto the substrates using conventional spin-coating technique.…”

Influences of water content on synthesis of (Pb0.5,Ba0.5)TiO3 materials using acetylacetone as chelating agent in a sol–gel process

“…[5][6][7] However, the metal alkoxide can react easily with moisture to decrease the solubility of alkoxide in the solvent, so the preparation is inconvenient. 8 However, chelating agents, such as acetic acid, 9,10 2-methoxyethanol [11][12][13][14] and acetylacetone (2,4-pentanedione), [15][16][17] etc. can ligand with alkoxide to pro- * Corresponding author.…”

Effect of 2-methoxyethanol on structure and dielectrical properties of (Pb0.25Ba0.15Sr0.6)Tio3 thin films by modified sol–gel technique

“…Somnath et al [14] have shown the effect of pH of the precursor sol on the grain morphology, electrical and optical properties of sol-gel-derived-Ba 0.5 Sr 0.5 TiO 3 thin films. Yongping Ding et al [15] investigated the effects and mechanism of chemical additives (acetylacetone) on the pyrolysis evolution and microstructure of sol-gel-derived BST thin films. In another report [16], for Ba 0.5 Sr 0.5 TiO 3 thin films it has been shown that variation of the precursor solution concentration resulted in a different microstructure, which in turn affected the tunability of the film.…”