The effect of time constraint on anticipation, decision making, and option generation in complex and dynamic environments

Belling, Patrick K.; Suss, Joel; Ward, Paul

doi:10.1007/s10111-015-0334-2

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Cognitive symptoms of stress may lead to problems related to concentration, decision-making, memory and reflection skills (Elfering et al 2017), skills indispensable for icebreaker operations. However, contrary to Elfering et al (2017), and to their own expectation, Belling et al (2015) showed that performance was not significantly affected by time constraint during their trials.…”

Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 94%

“…Stopping the operation inevitably leads to a time delay and decreased efficiency, and the fact that the crew feels confident enough to stop the operation can be regarded as a display of maturity under time pressure. Belling et al (2015) speculated that the effect of time pressure possibly varies with domain; within a domain where time often is critical, such as during icebreaker operations, negative effect is less prominent. Finally, the third value of maintaining legitimacy should not be underestimated.…”

Section: Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Breaking the ice: a work domain analysis of icebreaker operations

Boström

2018

Cogn Tech Work

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Icebreakers are special-purpose ships designed to operate in different ice-covered waters, either independently or during assistance of weaker ships. In the Baltic Sea, as well as elsewhere, they are essential for maintaining continuous sea transport services during wintertime. Icebreaker operations are complex, and every situation in which a vessel requires assistance is unique, due to, e.g. changing ice and weather conditions, geographical location or language proficiency of the crew on board the icebreaker or assisted vessel. The icebreaker crew has considerable freedom to adapt to each situation, yet, for safe operations, there are constraints to which the crew has to conform. The study presented in this paper aims at identifying the constraints on nautical officers on board icebreakers during operations, as well as special situations that increase cognitive load. A work domain analysis based on a group interview with nautical icebreaker officers shows the multitude of tasks performed on board icebreakers. Furthermore, it identifies constraints specific to icebreaker operations such as ice assessment and direct icebreaking, but also generic constraints such as language and communication skills. At times, safety and efficiency come into conflict, resulting in a trade-off between the two. When that happens, safety gets priority, and the operation stops until the situation has been evaluated. In addition, several situations that increase cognitive load are identified, with the common denominator that they add elements of uncertainty, e.g. severe weather and technical malfunctions. Finally, further research within the area of icebreaker operations is recommended, with a continued focus on the system constraints, and their potential for system improvement.

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Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 94%

Section: Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breaking the ice: a work domain analysis of icebreaker operations

Boström

2018

Cogn Tech Work

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“…Of course, the presence of defensive pressure is only one of the (many) relevant constraints that need to be taken into account into representative training designs. Some other constraints to consider are the action prior to the shot ( Oudejans et al, 2012a ), time constraints ( Belling et al, 2015 ), the timing and duration of vision on the rim ( Oudejans, 2012 ; Oudejans et al, 2012b ), and distance to the rim ( Elliott and White, 1989 ; Elliott, 1992 ). Thus, in sports practice, it is important to design tasks with constraints that are representative of the actual performance setting, and this can include the proximity of an opponent but also other factors like time or mental pressure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motor and Gaze Behaviors of Youth Basketball Players Taking Contested and Uncontested Jump Shots

Maarseveen

Oudejans

2018

Front. Psychol.

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In this study, we examined the effects of a defender contesting jump shots on performance and gaze behaviors of basketball players taking jump shots. Thirteen skilled youth basketball players performed 48 shots from about 5 m from the basket; 24 uncontested and 24 contested. The participants wore mobile eye tracking glasses to measure their gaze behavior. As expected, an approaching defender trying to contest the shot led to significant changes in movement execution and gaze behavior including shorter shot execution time, longer jump time, longer ball flight time, later final fixation onset, and longer fixation on the defender. Overall, no effects were found for shooting accuracy. However, the effects on shot accuracy were not similar for all participants: six participants showed worse performance and six participants showed better performance in the contested compared to the uncontested condition. These changes in performance were accompanied by differences in gaze behavior. The participants with worse performance showed shorter absolute and relative final fixation duration and a tendency for an earlier final fixation offset in the contested condition compared to the uncontested condition, whereas gaze behavior of the participants with better performance for contested shots was relatively unaffected. The results confirm that a defender contesting the shot is a relevant constraint for basketball shooting suggesting that representative training designs should also include contested shots, and more generally other constraints that are representative of the actual performance setting such as time or mental pressure.

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“…Para a descrição das respostas dos voluntários em cada situação apresentada utilizou-se uma ficha de controle, seu preenchimento manual ficou a cargo do pesquisador responsável durante a realização dos testes. Assim, analisaram-se a geração de opções, que se refere à possíveis alternativas de solução da jogada que o voluntário tenha percebido na cena, bem como a qualidade da TD produzidas para cada ação [33][34][35] .…”

Section: Métodounclassified

Efeitos da oclusão temporal na geração de opções na tomada de decisão de atletas e não atletas de voleibol

Castro

Costa

Praça

et al. 2019

Rev Bras Educ Fís Esporte

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Objetiva-se investigar o efeito da oclusão temporal na quantidade de opções geradas no momento da tomada de decisão (TD) de atletas e não atletas de voleibol. Participaram 46 voluntários, sendo 23 atletas e 23 não atletas. Para análise da quantidade de opções geradas no momento da TD, utilizou-se o Teste de Conhecimento Tático Declarativo no Voleibol (TCTD:Vb) realizado em duas situações: com e sem oclusão temporal. Quando comparados os dois grupos na situação com oclusão, observa-se que os atletas geraram mais opções do que os não atletas. Quando comparadas as duas situações, geraram-se mais opções na situação sem oclusão do que na com oclusão nos dois grupos. Conclui-se que a quantidade de opções geradas depende das estratégias utilizadas para a resolução de uma ação e do tempo disponível para visualizar determinada situação de jogo.

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The effect of time constraint on anticipation, decision making, and option generation in complex and dynamic environments

Cited by 15 publications

References 19 publications

Breaking the ice: a work domain analysis of icebreaker operations

Breaking the ice: a work domain analysis of icebreaker operations

Motor and Gaze Behaviors of Youth Basketball Players Taking Contested and Uncontested Jump Shots

Efeitos da oclusão temporal na geração de opções na tomada de decisão de atletas e não atletas de voleibol

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