The effect of temperature on association constants and conductivities of ferrous chloride and ferric chloride in DMF-water mixtures

Abstract

KEYWORDSConductance measurements at five different temperatures varying from 288.15 to 328.15 K were performed for ferrous chloride (FeCl2) and ferric chloride (FeCl3) in 20-80 wt % in N,Ndimethylformamide (DMF)-water mixture. To analyze conductivity data, density and viscosity values of the DMF-water mixtures have been determined experimentally at the same temperatures. The conductivity data has been analyzed using the Kraus-Bray and Shedlovsky models. The limiting equivalent conductance values, the association constants (KA), thermodynamic parameters of association (Gibbs energy, enthalpy and entropy changes) for FeCl2 and FeCl3 were calculated and discussed depending on temperature and the composition of solvent mixture.

Development and Optimization of Electrospun Poly(vinyl alcohol) Nanofibers for Vaginal Drug Delivery Using Design of Experiments Approach

“…Conductivity measurements revealed significantly higher values for DMF-DW formulations (R2/R7 and R4/R6) than for ethanol-DW formulations ( p <0.05). Ergin et al 48 showed that conductivity measurements in DMF-water mixtures increased with increasing DMF weight percentage. Spivey et al 49 reported that increasing the ethanol concentration in water decreases the conductivity of various electrolyte solutions.…”

Development and Optimization of Electrospun Poly(vinyl alcohol) Nanofibers for Vaginal Drug Delivery Using Design of Experiments Approach

“…Conductivity measurements revealed significantly higher values for DMF-DW formulations (R2/R7 and R4/R6) than for ethanol-DW formulations ( p <0.05). Ergin et al 48 showed that conductivity measurements in DMF-water mixtures increased with increasing DMF weight percentage. Spivey et al 49 reported that increasing the ethanol concentration in water decreases the conductivity of various electrolyte solutions.…”

Surface Properties of N,N-Dimethylformamide–Water Mixtures, As Seen from Computer Simulations

“…Indeed, these mixtures are widely used in a number of fields both in chemistry and in the chemical industry. The areas of chemical and industrial applications include electrospinning, − electrochemistry, − synthesis of various nanoparticles ,− and organic molecules, − including microwave-enhanced reactions, − hydrolysis of highly charged metal ions, as well as cellulosic biomass processing, and the production of, among others, adhesives, fibers, pesticides, plastics, and synthetic leathers . Many of these applications involve, besides the bulk liquid phase, also the surface of DMF–water mixtures.…”

Local Structure of DMF–Water Mixtures, as Seen from Computer Simulations and Voronoi Analysis

“…DMF is miscible with water in all proportions but has a considerably higher boiling point and, consequently, a slower rate of evaporation than water . DMF and its aqueous mixtures are used in the production of resins, acrylic fibers, synthetic leathers, plastics, pesticides and adhesives, cellulosic biomass processing, as well as in electrochemical applications, − hydrolysis of highly charged metal ions, electrospinning, − synthesis of various nanoparticles, − and various organic syntheses − including microwave-enhanced reactions. , Further, DMF is one of the smallest molecules that contain the peptide bond; thus, its aqueous solutions often serve as biomimetic models of hydrated proteins. − …”

Development and Optimization of Electrospun Poly(vinyl alcohol) Nanofibers for Vaginal Drug Delivery Using Design of Experiments Approach

“…Conductivity measurements revealed significantly higher values for DMF-DW formulations (R2/R7 and R4/R6) than for ethanol-DW formulations ( p <0.05). Ergin et al 48 showed that conductivity measurements in DMF-water mixtures increased with increasing DMF weight percentage. Spivey et al 49 reported that increasing the ethanol concentration in water decreases the conductivity of various electrolyte solutions.…”

Surface Properties of N,N-Dimethylformamide–Water Mixtures, As Seen from Computer Simulations

“…Indeed, these mixtures are widely used in a number of fields both in chemistry and in the chemical industry. The areas of chemical and industrial applications include electrospinning, − electrochemistry, − synthesis of various nanoparticles ,− and organic molecules, − including microwave-enhanced reactions, − hydrolysis of highly charged metal ions, as well as cellulosic biomass processing, and the production of, among others, adhesives, fibers, pesticides, plastics, and synthetic leathers . Many of these applications involve, besides the bulk liquid phase, also the surface of DMF–water mixtures.…”

Local Structure of DMF–Water Mixtures, as Seen from Computer Simulations and Voronoi Analysis

“…DMF is miscible with water in all proportions but has a considerably higher boiling point and, consequently, a slower rate of evaporation than water . DMF and its aqueous mixtures are used in the production of resins, acrylic fibers, synthetic leathers, plastics, pesticides and adhesives, cellulosic biomass processing, as well as in electrochemical applications, − hydrolysis of highly charged metal ions, electrospinning, − synthesis of various nanoparticles, − and various organic syntheses − including microwave-enhanced reactions. , Further, DMF is one of the smallest molecules that contain the peptide bond; thus, its aqueous solutions often serve as biomimetic models of hydrated proteins. − …”

Development and Optimization of Electrospun Poly(vinyl alcohol) Nanofibers for Vaginal Drug Delivery Using Design of Experiments Approach

“…Conductivity measurements revealed significantly higher values for DMF-DW formulations (R2/R7 and R4/R6) than for ethanol-DW formulations ( p <0.05). Ergin et al 48 showed that conductivity measurements in DMF-water mixtures increased with increasing DMF weight percentage. Spivey et al 49 reported that increasing the ethanol concentration in water decreases the conductivity of various electrolyte solutions.…”

Surface Properties of N,N-Dimethylformamide–Water Mixtures, As Seen from Computer Simulations

“…Indeed, these mixtures are widely used in a number of fields both in chemistry and in the chemical industry. The areas of chemical and industrial applications include electrospinning, − electrochemistry, − synthesis of various nanoparticles ,− and organic molecules, − including microwave-enhanced reactions, − hydrolysis of highly charged metal ions, as well as cellulosic biomass processing, and the production of, among others, adhesives, fibers, pesticides, plastics, and synthetic leathers . Many of these applications involve, besides the bulk liquid phase, also the surface of DMF–water mixtures.…”

Local Structure of DMF–Water Mixtures, as Seen from Computer Simulations and Voronoi Analysis

“…DMF is miscible with water in all proportions but has a considerably higher boiling point and, consequently, a slower rate of evaporation than water . DMF and its aqueous mixtures are used in the production of resins, acrylic fibers, synthetic leathers, plastics, pesticides and adhesives, cellulosic biomass processing, as well as in electrochemical applications, − hydrolysis of highly charged metal ions, electrospinning, − synthesis of various nanoparticles, − and various organic syntheses − including microwave-enhanced reactions. , Further, DMF is one of the smallest molecules that contain the peptide bond; thus, its aqueous solutions often serve as biomimetic models of hydrated proteins. − …”