The effect of steam on the catalytic fast pyrolysis of cellulose

Yang, Haiping; Coolman, Robert; Karanjkar, Pranav U.; Wang, H.; Xu, Zhuoran; Chen, H.; Moutziaris, T. J.; Huber, George W.

doi:10.1039/c5gc00026b

Cited by 27 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…51 Addition of phosphorous to HZSM-5 has been demonstrated to prevent dealumination. Fresh HZSM-5 upgrades biomass pyrolysis vapors to form aromatic hydrocarbons, and when steam is present some oxygenated aromatics are observed (phenol and alkyl phenols, naphthol and alkyl naphthols).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Silica-supported Ni and V catalysts formed higher amounts of phenols when cofed with steam, with the V catalysts showing increased selectivity towards simple phenols instead of catechols. 51 The fluidizing gas consisted of He and/or steam at various vapor fractions of steam. 49 In an effort to combine the advantages realized from co-feeding steam with metal-based and zeolite catalysts, another study investigated the effect of steam on catalytic upgrading of biomass pyrolysis vapors using metal modified HZSM-5.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass: the reactions of water and aromatic intermediates produces phenols

et al. 2015

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During catalytic upgrading over HZSM-5 of vapors from fast pyrolysis of biomass (ex situ CFP), water reacts with aromatic intermediates to form phenols that are then desorbed from the catalyst micropores and produced as products. We observe this reaction using real time measurement of products from neat CFP and with added steam. The reaction is confirmed when 18 O-labeled water is used as the steam source and the labeled oxygen is identified in the phenol products. Furthermore, phenols are observed when cellulose pyrolysis vapors are reacted over the HZSM-5 catalyst in steam. This suggests that the phenols do not only arise from phenolic products formed during the pyrolysis of the lignin component of biomass; phenols are also formed by reaction of water molecules with aromatic intermediates formed during the transformation of all of the pyrolysis products. Water formation during biomass pyrolysis is involved in this reaction and leads to the common observation of phenols in products from neat CFP. Steam also reduces the formation of non-reactive carbon in the zeolite catalysts and decreases the rate of deactivation and the amount of measured "coke" on the catalyst. These CFP results were obtained in a flow microreactor coupled to a molecular beam mass spectrometer (MBMS), which allowed for real-time measurement of products and facilitated determination of the impact of steam during catalytic upgrading, complemented by a tandem micropyrolyzer connected to a GCMS for identification of the products.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass: the reactions of water and aromatic intermediates produces phenols

et al. 2015

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“…Yang et al demonstrated that the introduction of steam had irreversible and reversible impacts on the catalyst and product distribution from CFP of cellulose. 40 As shown in Table 3, the steam caused the reduction in yields of aromatics and char/coke and the increase in the yields of methane and CO. The results were partly attributed to the irreversible changes in the morphology and structure of zeolite, including dealumination, a loss of total acidity, an increase in the crystal size of zeolite and agglomeration of particles.…”

Section: Effect Of Moisture On Cfp Of Biomassmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The moisture in biomass is another important influential factor that should be considered in the CFP. Yang et al demonstrated that the introduction of steam had irreversible and reversible impacts on the catalyst and product distribution from CFP of cellulose . As shown in Table , the steam caused the reduction in yields of aromatics and char/coke and the increase in the yields of methane and CO.…”

Section: Reaction Chemistry For Cfp Of Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results were partly attributed to the irreversible changes in the morphology and structure of zeolite, including dealumination, a loss of total acidity, an increase in the crystal size of zeolite and agglomeration of particles. In addition, the steam competing with condensable vapor for absorption on active sites on catalyst was responsible for the reversible changes in the production distribution from CFP of cellulose with steam …”

Section: Reaction Chemistry For Cfp Of Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Catalytic fast pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass for aromatic production: chemistry, catalyst and process

Zheng

Jiang

Zhao

et al. 2016

WIREs Energy & Environment

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Catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) is one of most promising technologies for aromatic production in a single‐step process. In recent years, considerable efforts have been made on the CFP of biomass for aromatic productions. However, the successful commercialization of CFP has hindered by several technical barriers, such as the rational design of continuous reactor and the development of high efficient and stable zeolite catalysts. Here, we attempt to summarize the advances in CFP of biomass from four aspects: (1) reaction chemistry, (2) reactor and operating conditions for CFP, (3) catalysts for CFP, and (4) new processes for CFP. It is expected that this review could provide some guidance for solving the technical barriers aforementioned. WIREs Energy Environ 2017, 6:e234. doi: 10.1002/wene.234 This article is categorized under: Bioenergy > Science and Materials

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Influence of the Feedstock on Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis with a Solid Acid Catalyst

et al. 2016

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At RTI, we are developing a catalytic fast pyrolysis process with a new solid acid catalyst, the performance of which has been evaluated in a pilot‐scale reactor using loblolly pine. More robust technology development requires a deeper understanding of the influence of the feedstock properties of process performance defined by the organic liquid yield and composition. Seven types of woody and herbaceous biomass were tested in a 2.54 cm diameter fluidized‐bed reactor. This study shows that the product distribution and biocrude composition vary widely with different feedstocks. The yield of organic biocrude is in the range of 14.0–20.8 wt % for the tested feedstocks. The yields of incondensable gases and carbonaceous solids vary significantly from feedstock to feedstock, which may be because of the variation of the ash content in the feedstock. A feedstock with a higher ash content generates more gases; specifically more CO2 but not necessarily more CO. The chemical composition, which includes lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose, also affects the biocrude composition and the yield of gases. We also demonstrated a positive correlation between the cellulose content and CO yield and a negative correlation between the hemicellulose content and CO yield.

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The effect of steam on the catalytic fast pyrolysis of cellulose

Cited by 27 publications

References 50 publications

Catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass: the reactions of water and aromatic intermediates produces phenols

Catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass: the reactions of water and aromatic intermediates produces phenols

Catalytic fast pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass for aromatic production: chemistry, catalyst and process

Influence of the Feedstock on Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis with a Solid Acid Catalyst

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