The effect of soil surface temperature on the growth of millet in relation to the effect of Faidherbia albida trees

Vandenbeldt, R.J.; Williams, J. H.

doi:10.1016/0168-1923(92)90076-g

Cited by 51 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In the SAT savanna of Kenya, baobab and Acacia tortilis trees reduced soil temperature under their crowns by 6 °C at 5 cm and 10 cm depth, compared with open areas (Belsky et al, 1993). In the Sahel, faidherbia trees lowered soil temperature at 2-cm depth by 5°to 10 °C depending on the movement of shade (Vandenbeldt and Williams, 1992). Soil temperatures in the Sahel often reach lethal levels of 50°to 60 °C at the beginning of the rainy season, causing poor establishment of millet (Soman et al, 1987).…”

Section: Microclimatementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Competition for light is unlikely to be a major factor under faidherbia because of its 'reverse phenology' of dropping leaves at the beginning of the rainy season (Vandenbeldt and Williams, 1992), nor under prosopis because of heavy lopping of foliage during the dry season for livestock feeding (Tejwani, 1994). However, shade could be a major problem under large, unmanaged, evergreen trees such as néré, karité, A. nilotica and mango.…”

Section: Competition For Growth Resourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The best known systems are those involving faidherbia (Faidherbia albida), prevalent throughout the SAT of sub-Saharan Africa (CTFT, 1988;Laike, 1992;Saka et al, 1994); 'néré' (Parkia biglobosa), 'karité' (Vitellaria paradoxa) and neem (Azadirachta indica) in West Africa (Kater et al, 1992;Kessler, 1992;Vandenbeldt and Williams, 1992;Tilander et al, 1995); prosopis (Prosopis cineraria), neem and Acacia nilotica in India (Tejwani, 1994); and mango (Mangifera indica), melia (Melia volkensii), Acacia spp. and baobab (Adansonia digitata) in the semiarid parts of east and southern Africa.…”

Section: Trees In Cropland Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biophysical interactions in tropical agroforestry systems

Rao¹,

Nair²,

Ong³

1998

Forestry Sciences

111

124

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Abstract. The rate and extent to which biophysical resources are captured and utilized by the components of an agroforestry system are determined by the nature and intensity of interactions between the components. The net effect of these interactions is often determined by the influence of the tree component on the other component(s) and/or on the overall system, and is expressed in terms of such quantifiable responses as soil fertility changes, microclimate modification, resource (water, nutrients, and light) availability and utilization, pest and disease incidence, and allelopathy. The paper reviews such manifestations of biophysical interactions in major simultaneous (e.g., hedgerow intercropping and trees on croplands) and sequential (e.g., planted tree fallows) agroforestry systems.In hedgerow intercropping (HI), the hedge/crop interactions are dominated by soil fertility improvement and competition for growth resources. Higher crop yields in HI than in sole cropping are noted mostly in inherently fertile soils in humid and subhumid tropics, and are caused by large fertility improvement relative to the effects of competition. But, yield increases are rare in semiarid tropics and infertile acid soils because fertility improvement does not offset the large competitive effect of hedgerows with crops for water and/or nutrients. Whereas improved soil fertility and microclimate positively influence crop yields underneath the canopies of scattered trees in semiarid climates, intense shading caused by large, evergreen trees negatively affects the yields. Trees in boundary plantings compete with crops for above-and belowground resources, with belowground competition of trees often extending beyond their crown areas. The major biophysical interactions in improved planted fallows are improvement of soil nitrogen status and reduction of weeds in the fallow phase, and increased crop yields in the subsequent cropping phase. In such systems, the negative effects of competition and microclimate modification are avoided in the absence of direct tree-crop interactions.Future research on biophysical interactions should concentrate on (1) exploiting the diversity that exists within and between species of trees, (2) determining interactions between systems at different spatial (farm and landscape) and temporal scales, (3) improving understanding of belowground interactions, (4) assessing the environmental implications of agroforestry, particularly in the humid tropics, and (5) devising management schedules for agroforestry components in order to maximize benefits.

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Section: Microclimatementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Competition For Growth Resourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Trees In Cropland Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Biophysical interactions in tropical agroforestry systems

Rao¹,

Nair²,

Ong³

1998

Forestry Sciences

111

124

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In the Sahel, temperatures are already close to the maximum for plant growth, especially at the starting of the season. Experiments with different levels of shading showed that temperature has a pronounced effect on millet production in the Sahel (Vandenbeldt and Williams, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Farmers’ Perceptions on Climate Variability and Adaptation Strategies to Climate Change in Cinzana, Mali

Halimatou

Zampaligré

Traoré

et al. 2016

JAS

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Several studies predict that climate change will highly affect the African continent. These changes in climate and climate variability may be challenging issues for future economic development of the continent in general, and particularly in the region of sub Saharan Africa. Offering a case study of Sahelian zone of Mali in the present study aimed to understand farmers" perceptions of climate variability and change and to evaluate adaptation options used by farmers in the Cinzana commune of Mali. One hundred and nineteen farmers were interviewed using a questionnaire designed with six sections. The result showed that all farmers interviewed were aware of climate change and climate variability. The Farmers perceived a decrease in annual rainfall variability and an increase of temperature as main factors of climate change and climate variability. The observed meteorological data, showed a ISSN 2166-0379 2016 www.macrothink.org/jas 14 decrease of precipitation distribution during the last 14 years of which was observed by farmers. Several strategies such as selling animals, use of improved crop varieties, new activities (outside agriculture) and credit were the commonly preferred adaptation strategies to deal with climate change and variability. Factors surveyed, age, gender, education, household size, farm size were found to be significantly correlated to self-reported to adaptation. Journal of Agricultural Studies

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“…Buffering agricultural crops against water deficiencies is, therefore, an important function that agroforestry would have to play in the adaptation battle, but there are also other mechanisms such as improved micro-climate and reduced evapotranspiration through which agroforestry practices may improve the adaptive capacity of agroecosystems in the occurrence of extreme climate. For example, a study on a Faidherbia albida -millet parkland system in Niger demonstrated that shade-induced reduction of soil temperatures, particularly at the time of crop establishment, contributes to the better growth of millet under trees (Vandenbeldt and Williams, 1992). Also, Jonsson et al (1999) measured temperatures, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and millet biomass under and away from tree canopies in a parkland system.…”

Section: Enhancing Adaptive Capacity Through Agroforestrymentioning

confidence: 99%