The effect of polyploidization on tree hydraulic functioning

Baerdemaeker, Niels J. F. De; Hias, Niek; Bulcke, Jan Van den; Keulemans, Wannes; Steppe, Kathy

doi:10.1002/ajb2.1032

Cited by 30 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…In that sense, polyploid plants may have an advantage over the 2x at preserving tissue water content as shown by the autotetraploid Arabidopsis detached rosette leaves ( del Pozo and Ramirez-Parra, 2014 ). Similarly, autotetraploid “Gala” apple has the ability to delay drought-induced misperformance by trading hydraulic safety for increased release of capacitively stored water from living tissues ( De Baerdemaeker et al, 2018 ). However, it is unknown whether bigger polyploid cells can accommodate bigger vacuoles increasing their water storage capacity.…”

Section: Polyploidy Improves Stress Tolerancementioning

confidence: 99%

Synthetic Polyploidy in Grafted Crops

et al. 2020

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Synthetic polyploids have been extensively studied for breeding in the last decade. However, the use of such genotypes at the agronomical level is still limited. Polyploidization is known to modify certain plant phenotypes, while leaving most of the fundamental characteristics apparently untouched. For this reason, polyploid breeding can be very useful for improving specific traits of crop varieties, such as quality, yield, or environmental adaptation. Nevertheless, the mechanisms that underlie polyploidy-induced novelty remain poorly understood. Ploidy-induced phenotypes might also include some undesired effects that need to be considered. In the case of grafted or composite crops, benefits can be provided both by the rootstock's adaptation to the soil conditions and by the scion's excellent yield and quality. Thus, grafted crops provide an extraordinary opportunity to exploit artificial polyploidy, as the effects can be independently applied and explored at the root and/or scion level, increasing the chances of finding successful combinations. The use of synthetic tetraploid (4x) rootstocks may enhance adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses in perennial crops such as apple or citrus. However, their use in commercial production is still very limited. Here, we will review the current and prospective use of artificial polyploidy for rootstock and scion improvement and the implications of their combination. The aim is to provide insight into the methods used to generate and select artificial polyploids and their limitations, the effects of polyploidy on crop phenotype (anatomy, function, quality, yield, and adaptation to stresses) and their potential agronomic relevance as scions or rootstocks in the context of climate change.

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Section: Polyploidy Improves Stress Tolerancementioning

confidence: 99%

Synthetic Polyploidy in Grafted Crops

et al. 2020

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“…Comparatively, polyploidy is less frequent in woody species (Ancel Meyers & Levin, 2006), but some results in woody plants point to the capacity of tetraploids to retain more water, such as in seedlings of Betula (Li et al, 1996), and plants of Lonicera (Li et al, 2009), or Populus (Xu et al, 2018). Among fruit tree crops, a handful of polyploids have been studied, revealing sparsely improved physiological properties, such as in the genera Citrus (Romero-Aranda et al, 1997), Malus (Zhang et al, 2015;De Baerdemaeker et al, 2018), or Ziziphus (Wang et al, 2019.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes In Ploidy Affect Vascular Allometry And Hydraulic Function In Trees

Barceló-Anguiano

Holbrook

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The enucleated vascular elements of the xylem and the phloem offer an excellent system to test the effect of ploidy on plant function because variation in vascular geometry has a direct influence on transport efficiency. However, evaluations of conduit sizes in polyploid plants have remained elusive, most remarkably in woody species. We used a combination of molecular, physiological, and microscopy techniques to model the hydraulic resistance between source and sinks in tetraploid and diploid mango trees. Tetraploids exhibited larger chloroplasts, mesophyll cells, and stomatal guard cells, resulting in higher leaf elastic modulus and lower dehydration rates despite the high water potentials of both ploidies in the field. Both the xylem and the phloem displayed a scaling of conduits with ploidy, revealing attenuated hydraulic resistance in tetraploids. Conspicuous wall hygroscopic moieties in the cells involved in processes of transpiration and transport advocates a role in volumetric adjustments due to turgor change in polyploids, which, together with the enlargement of organelles, cells, and tissues that are critical for water and photoassimilate transport at long distances, imply major physiological novelties of polyploidy.

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“…may help in surviving through dry periods [ 52 ]. Moreover, Malus × domestica Gala (4×), which is characterised by an increased amount of living cells in wood, overall performed better during short and moderate drought stress conditions when compared with the ploidy variant Gala (2×), indicating the role of xylem parenchyma cells in water storage [ 87 ].…”

Section: Xylem Parenchyma As a Storage Tissuementioning

confidence: 99%

Xylem Parenchyma—Role and Relevance in Wood Functioning in Trees

Słupianek

Dołzbłasz

Sokołowska

2021

Plants

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Woody plants are characterised by a highly complex vascular system, wherein the secondary xylem (wood) is responsible for the axial transport of water and various substances. Previous studies have focused on the dead conductive elements in this heterogeneous tissue. However, the living xylem parenchyma cells, which constitute a significant functional fraction of the wood tissue, have been strongly neglected in studies on tree biology. Although there has recently been increased research interest in xylem parenchyma cells, the mechanisms that operate in these cells are poorly understood. Therefore, the present review focuses on selected roles of xylem parenchyma and its relevance in wood functioning. In addition, to elucidate the importance of xylem parenchyma, we have compiled evidence supporting the hypothesis on the significance of parenchyma cells in tree functioning and identified the key unaddressed questions in the field.

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The effect of polyploidization on tree hydraulic functioning

Cited by 30 publications

References 90 publications

Synthetic Polyploidy in Grafted Crops

Synthetic Polyploidy in Grafted Crops

Changes In Ploidy Affect Vascular Allometry And Hydraulic Function In Trees

Xylem Parenchyma—Role and Relevance in Wood Functioning in Trees

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