The effect of physical disturbance, hypoxia and stress hormones on serum components of the plaice, Pleuronectes platessa L

White, Ann; Fletcher, Thelma C.

doi:10.1016/0300-9629(89)90066-2

Cited by 32 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Administration of Epi causes the stimulation of lipolysis (Fig. 3), and this result is consistent with previous studies in fish showing Epi-induced increases in plasma NEFA concentration [scorpion fish Scorpaena porcus (Leisbon et al, 1968), eel Anguilla anguilla (Larsson, 1973), lamprey Petromyzon marinus (Plisetskaya, 1980), plaice Pleuronectes platessa (White and Fletcher, 1989) and carp (Van Raaij et al, 1995)], although no such increase could be demonstrated in trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Perrier et al, 1972).…”

Section: Opposing Effects Of Ne and Epi On Trout Lipolysissupporting

confidence: 92%

In vivoregulation of rainbow trout lipolysis by catecholamines

Magnoni

Vaillancourt

Weber

2008

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYLipolysis provides fatty acids that support key life processes by functioning as membrane components, oxidative fuels and metabolic signals. It is commonly measured as the rate of appearance of glycerol (R a glycerol). Its in vivo regulation by catecholamines has been thoroughly investigated in mammals, but little information is available for ectotherms. Therefore, the goals of this study were, first, to characterize the effects of the catecholamines norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (Epi) on the lipolytic rate of intact rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and, second, to determine whether the plasma glycerol concentration is a reliable index of R a glycerol. Our results show that baseline R a glycerol (4.6±0.4 μmol kg -1 min -1) is inhibited by NE (-56%), instead of being stimulated, as in mammals, whereas Epi has the same activating effect in both groups of vertebrates (+167%). NE-induced inhibition of fish lipolysis might play a particularly important role during aquatic hypoxia, when survival often depends on regulated metabolic depression. The plasma glycerol concentration is a poor predictor of R a glycerol, and it should not be used as an index of lipolysis. Trout maintain a particularly high baseline lipolytic rate because only 13% of the fatty acids provided are sufficient to support total energy expenditure, whereas the remaining fatty acids must undergo reesterification (87%).

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Section: Opposing Effects Of Ne and Epi On Trout Lipolysissupporting

confidence: 92%

In vivoregulation of rainbow trout lipolysis by catecholamines

Magnoni

Vaillancourt

Weber

2008

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…Furthermore, this study provides strong indications that ␤ 3-adrenoceptors are involved. teleost fish; fat cells; adrenoceptors; free fatty acids; hypoxia IN TELEOST FISH, catecholamines play an important role in the regulation of energy metabolism during stressful conditions like hypoxia (6,32,46,51). In these vertebrates, lipids dominate metabolism, whereas carbohydrates play a minor role in energy production since low amounts of carbohydrates are ingested and stored (38, 50).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

β-Adrenoceptors mediate inhibition of lipolysis in adipocytes of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus)

Vianen

Obels

Thillart

et al. 2002

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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The regulation of triglyceride mobilization by catecholamines was investigated in the teleost fish Oreochromis mossambicus (tilapia) in vivo and in vitro. In vitro experiments were carried out with adipocytes that were isolated for the first time from fish adipose tissue. For the in vivo experiments, cannulated tilapia were exposed to stepwise decreasing oxygen levels (20, 10, and 5% air saturation; 3.9, 1.9, and 1.0 kPa PO2, respectively), each level being maintained for 2 h. Blood samples were taken at timed intervals and analyzed for plasma lactate, glucose, free fatty acids, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol. Hypoxia exposure did not change plasma epinephrine levels. In contrast, the plasma norepinephrine concentration markedly increased at all hypoxia levels. Over the same period, plasma free fatty acid levels showed a significant continuous decrease, suggesting that norepinephrine is responsible for the reduced plasma free fatty acid concentration, presumably through inhibition of lipolysis in adipose tissue. To elucidate the mechanism, adipocytes were isolated from mesenteric adipose tissue of tilapia and incubated with 1) norepinephrine, 2) norepinephrine ϩ phentolamine (␣1,␣2-antagonist), 3) isoproterenol (nonselective ␤-agonist), 4) isoproterenol ϩ timolol (␤ 1,␤2-antagonist), 5) norepinephrine ϩ timolol, and 6) BRL-35135A (␤ 3-agonist). The results demonstrate for the first time that norepinephrine and isoproterenol suppress lipolysis in isolated adipocytes of tilapia. The effect of norepinephrine is not mediated through ␣2-adrenoceptors but, like isoproterenol, via ␤-adrenoceptors. Furthermore, this study provides strong indications that ␤ 3-adrenoceptors are involved. teleost fish; fat cells; adrenoceptors; free fatty acids; hypoxia IN TELEOST FISH, catecholamines play an important role in the regulation of energy metabolism during stressful conditions like hypoxia (6,32,46,51). In these vertebrates, lipids dominate metabolism, whereas carbohydrates play a minor role in energy production since low amounts of carbohydrates are ingested and stored (38, 50). Nevertheless, most information on the regulation of energy metabolism by catecholamines deals with carbohydrates (9,19,25,30,53), whereas relatively little information is known about the regulation of lipid metabolism by these neurohormones (34).Exposure of carp to deep hypoxia (46) resulted in a strong increase of circulating norepinephrine (NE) accompanied with a marked decrease of plasma free fatty acid (FFA) levels. In rainbow trout, on the other hand, both epinephrine (Epi) and NE increased modestly, whereas the plasma FFA concentration ([FFA]) showed only a minor reduction. From these results, it was suggested that the Epi-to-NE ratio is important for the effect on the plasma [FFA]. Infusion experiments with catecholamines in carp (45) demonstrated that infusion of Epi results in elevated plasma FFA levels, whereas NE infusion, on the contrary, causes a marked decrease of plasma FFA levels. So far, in mammals, both Epi and NE have bee...

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“…Increased blood fatty acid concentrations in parallel with an elevation in plasma cortisol have been reported (Dave et al 1979;White and Fletcher, 1989;Waring et al 1992) and a role of cortisol in lipid-mobilization has been proposed (Lidman et al 1979;Sheridan, 1987). Changes in blood glucose and free fatty acid compositions are probably significant actions by which cortisol increases the availability of energy and the readiness of fish to survive stress.…”

Section: Plasma Cortisolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cortisol is released in fish in response to a wide variety of stress stimuli. Cortisol has been reported to increase in response to physical stressors such as handling (Sumpter et al 1986;Thomas and Robertson, 1991;Melotti et al 1992;Waring et al 1992;Barry et al 1993;Foo and Lam, 1993), physical disturbance and exercise (Zelnik and Goldspink, 1981;Barton et al 1986;Flos et al 1988;White and Fletcher, 1989;McDonald et al 1993) and capture or confinement (Davis and Parker, 1986;Sumpter et al 1986;Davis and Parker, 1990;Melotti et al 1992). Elevation of plasma cortisol has also been reported in response to environmental chemical stressors such as acid (Brown et al 1984;Barton et al 1985;Jones et al 1987;Edwards et al 1987;Goss and Wood, 1988;Whitehead and Brown, 1989;Brown et al 1989), aluminum (Goss and Wood, 1988;Whitehead and Brown, 1989;Brown and Whitehead, 1995;Waring et al 1996a), and many other pollutants (Swift, 1981;Gluth and Hanke, 1984) and prolonged exposure to anaesthesia (Strange and Schreck, 1978).…”

Section: Plasma Cortisolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is perhaps not surprising, therefore, that elevation of plasma glucose has been recognized as part of a generalized stress response in fish (Mazeaud et al 1977). Increased plasma glucose has been widely reported in fish exposed to physical stressors such as handling and confinement (Mazeaud et al 1977;Davis and Parker, 1990;Melotti et al 1992;Waring et al 1992;Barry et al 1993;Foo and Lam, 1993), exercised fish (Zelnik and Goldspink, 1981;Barton et al 1986;Flos et al 1988;White and Fletcher, 1989;Waring et al 1992;McDonald et al 1993) and fish exposed to pollutants (Gluth and Hanke, 1984;Edwards et al 1987;Jones et al 1987;Goss and Wood, 1988;Whitehead and Brown, 1989;AlKindi et al 1996).…”

Section: Carbohydrate Metabolism and Plasma Glucosementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Endocrine, Physiological and Histopathological Responses of Fish and their Larvae to Stress with Emphasis on Exposure to Crude Oil and Various Petroleum Hydrocarbons

Alkindi

Brown

Waring

2000

SQU Journal for Science

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ABSTRACT:Various endocrine and physiological responses of fish exposed to forceful physical and chemical stimuli are reviewed with emphasis on the effects of crude oils and their hydrocarbon constituents. The chemistry and toxicity of petroleum hydrocarbons are examined and methods for experimental exposure of fish to crude oil and petroleum hydrocarbons are considered. A variety of blood-borne parameters recognized as reliable tools in determining the relative severity of stress in fish are reviewed. The effects of stress and petroleum hydrocarbons on endocrine responses including changes in plasma AL-KINDI, BROWN, and WARING catecholamines, corticosteroids, and thyroid hormones are reviewed. The physiological responses: changes in plasma glucose, osmotic and ionic regulation, blood oxygen, hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration are explored, and histopathological effects of crude oil on fish are reviewed. Recent studies of the effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on fish larvae are considered and the increased sensitivity of the early life stages of fish are highlighted.

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The effect of physical disturbance, hypoxia and stress hormones on serum components of the plaice, Pleuronectes platessa L

Cited by 32 publications

References 27 publications

In vivoregulation of rainbow trout lipolysis by catecholamines

In vivoregulation of rainbow trout lipolysis by catecholamines

β-Adrenoceptors mediate inhibition of lipolysis in adipocytes of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus)

Endocrine, Physiological and Histopathological Responses of Fish and their Larvae to Stress with Emphasis on Exposure to Crude Oil and Various Petroleum Hydrocarbons

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