The Effect of Oral Creatine Monohydrate Supplementation on Running Velocity

Redondo, D.; Dowling, E.; Graham, Bryan L.; Almada, Anthony L.; Williams, Melvin H.

doi:10.1123/ijsn.6.3.213

Cited by 73 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Redondo, Dowling, Graham, Almada, Williams (1996) found that with ice hockey and soccer players, statistically significant differences were not found in 3 × 60 m sprints with 2 minute resting breaks between the sprints. The reason for the differences among the study results might be the variability in the number of repeated sprint times or possible influences of energy sources.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

The Effect of Acute Creatine Supplementation on Fatigue and Anaerobic Performance

Ateş

Keskin

Bayraktar

2017

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of acute creatine monohydrate supplementation on fatigue and anaerobic performance. Thirty young soccer players participated in this study. Participants continued their training without taking any food supplements for 5 days, taking 0.3 g of milk dust per kg for 5 days and using 0.3 g creatine monohydrate per kg for 5 days. A total of 6 × 35 m sprint times were used in the fatigue index with a 10-second rest period between them. Single repeated sprint times of 35 m were examined as well. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were found both fatigue index and single repeated 35 m sprint time after creatine supplementation. However there was not a statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) in Rast Test results. In soccer, it is known that there is a strong positive correlation between game performance and the number of repeated sprint numbers in a game. In conclusion, there was a statistically significant effect of 0.3 g of acute creatine loading per kg over 5 days on the single repeated sprints and fatigue index values. The creatine monohydrate can be used as an ergogenic aid for recovery periods between high-intensity exercises to affect performance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

The Effect of Acute Creatine Supplementation on Fatigue and Anaerobic Performance

Ateş

Keskin

Bayraktar

2017

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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“…Many studies did not observe any particular ergogenic effect of exogenous Cr on performance during single sprint protocols [1,[11][12][13]. We anticipated that exogenous Cr would be ergogenic for anaerobic exercise mainly when the effect of fatigue appears.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Biomechanic Origin of Sprint Performance Enhancement after One-Week Creatine Supplementation.

Schedel

Terrier²,

Schütz³

2000

JJP

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Creatine (Cr) is an endogenous as well as an exogenous compound related with high-energy metabolism [1,2]. During muscular exercise, ATP is directly used for mechanical contractions of actin and myosin filaments. The fastest anaerobic metabolic pathway to regenerate ATP is the utilization of phosphocreatine (PCr). However, the total pool of PCr is limited. The ingestion of exogenous Cr consequently increases intracellular Cr and PCr concentrations [3,4]. This increase could therefore theoretically improve muscular performance during anaerobic exercises. In parallel, an increase in body weight is also usually reported [1,5]. The exact origin of the ergogenic effect of Cr supplementation is unclear; in particular, the mechanism behind improvement in running performance. Experimentally, many studies have highlighted an ergogenic effect of Cr during anaerobic exercises, but some authors have shown no effect on anaerobic performance and even a negative effect [1].Sprint running is the archetype of anaerobic effort. The aim of sprinting exercise is to maximize external work to reach the maximal speed and to try to maintain it until the finishing line. Sprinting is therefore a good model to study the effective effect of Cr intake in anaerobic sports.Running speed is the product of stride length and stride frequency. In order to reach a maximal speed, the athlete tries to improve both parameters. Different studies suggested that stride length is of major importance in determining the speed of the sprinter [6,7].The purpose of this study was to clarify how 1 week of exogenous Cr (20 g/d) could affect average running performance during short-distance sprinting. The hypothesis was that biomechanically, speed enhancement after Cr intake can only be the result of an increase of stride frequency, stride length, or both of them [6]. The issue was to determine which of these three possibilities plays a role in the improvement of speed performance. Repeated sprint bouts were performed to highlight the effect of fatigue on average sprinting speed [1]. The biomechanical factors improving speed performance were determined using accelerometric measurements [8].Seven healthy male volunteers were selected to participate in our study. They gave and signed a written informed consent form in accordance with institutional guidelines of the Ethical Commission of the University of Lausanne and the Ethical Standards of Japanese Journal of Physiology, 50, 273-276, 2000 Key words: sprint exercises, accelerometry, stride frequency, ergogenic aid. Abstract:In order to test whether an improvement of maximal sprinting speed after creatine (Cr) supplementation was due to the increase of stride frequency (SF), stride length (SL) or both, 7 subjects ran 4 consecutive sprints after 1 week of placebo or Cr supplementation. SF and SL were assessed by a triaxial accelerometer. Compared to the placebo, Cr induced an increase of running speed (ϩ1.4% pϽ0.05) and SF (ϩ1.5%, pϽ0.01), but not of SL. The drop in performance following repeated sprints was pa...

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“…Most of the reports suggest that Cr supplementation enhances exercise performance (Balsom et al 1993;Greenhaff et al 1993Greenhaff et al , 1994Birch et al 1994;Earnest et al 1995;Prevost et al 1997;Maganaris & Maughan, 1998), although a number of studies have shown no effect (Febbraio et al 1995;Redondo et al 1996;Vandenberghe et al 1996). In part, it seems the disparity in the findings occurs because of differences in the exercise model employed, or the intensity, duration, and frequency of the task, and the level of fitness of the subjects.…”

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confidence: 60%

Contractile Properties, Fatigue and Recovery are not Influenced by Short‐Term Creatine Supplementation in Human Muscle

Jakobi

Rice

Curtin

et al. 2000

Experimental Physiology

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Since Harris et al. (1992) first observed an increase in skeletal muscle creatine (Cr) content following several days of oral supplementation, many investigators have studied the effect of short-term Cr ingestion on exercise performance. Most of the reports suggest that Cr supplementation enhances exercise performance (Balsom et al. 1993;Greenhaff et al. 1993Greenhaff et al. , 1994Birch et al. 1994;Earnest et al. 1995;Prevost et al. 1997;Maganaris & Maughan, 1998), although a number of studies have shown no effect (Febbraio et al. 1995;Redondo et al. 1996;Vandenberghe et al. 1996). In part, it seems the disparity in the findings occurs because of differences in the exercise model employed, or the intensity, duration, and frequency of the task, and the level of fitness of the subjects. Most studies have adopted cycling, swimming, or dynamic isotonic contractions, but few studies have employed an isometric model (van Leemputte et al. 1999). Compared with a dynamic task, the isometric model offers greater ability to assess in a controlled situation, the effects of various neural and contractile factors which might be affected by Cr supplementation. Motivation and effort are also important determinants of voluntary muscular output and are difficult to assess, especially during intense dynamic exercise. Thus, besides measurements of both voluntary and stimulated contractile properties, the isometric model permits the use of the twitch interpolation technique (explained in Methods) as a means of assessing indirectly subject effort, and to separate the influence of central and peripheral neuromuscular factors in the generation of muscle force during rest and exercise. Although a well-known technique in many studies of neuromuscular function (Bigland-Ritchie et al. 1986;Hales & Gandevia, 1988), no previous studies have utilized this technique with Cr supplementation. Finally, results obtained using the isometric model may help direct the design of future dynamic or performance studies. It is known that phosphocreatine (PCr) content in skeletal muscle is increased following Cr supplementation ), but the mechanism by which Cr might influence exercise performance is not known. Most research has centred upon the creatine kinase reaction (Casey et al. 1996), whereby increased availability of PCr enhances ATP resynthesis during There have been several studies on the effect of short-term creatine (Cr) supplementation on exercise performance, but none have investigated both voluntary and stimulated muscle contractions in the same experiment. Fourteen moderately active young men (19-28 years) were randomly assigned, in a double blind manner, to either a creatine (Cr) or placebo (P) group. The subjects supplemented their regular diet 4 times a day for 5 days with either 5 g Cr + 5 g maltodextrin (Cr group), or 5 g maltodextrin (P group). Isometric maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), muscle activation, as assessed using the modified twitch interpolation technique, electrically stimulated contractile properties, electromyography ...

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The Effect of Oral Creatine Monohydrate Supplementation on Running Velocity

Cited by 73 publications

References 12 publications

The Effect of Acute Creatine Supplementation on Fatigue and Anaerobic Performance

The Effect of Acute Creatine Supplementation on Fatigue and Anaerobic Performance

The Biomechanic Origin of Sprint Performance Enhancement after One-Week Creatine Supplementation.

Contractile Properties, Fatigue and Recovery are not Influenced by Short‐Term Creatine Supplementation in Human Muscle

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