The Effect of Occlusion of the Skin With Transdermal Therapeutic System on Langerhans' Cells and the Induction of Skin Irritation

Abstract

Sensitization to drugs in transdermal therapeutic systems is a common unwanted event. We investigated whether prolonged occlusion of the skin causes skin irritation, and in this way might play a role in the possible induction of sensitization to drugs from these systems. Occlusion was effected with a placebo transdermal therapeutic system and silver-patch test in a time span ranging from eight hours to seven days in five groups of five volunteers. Skin irritation was judged on clinical aspects, histopathologic and immunofluorescence findings, and changes in the Langerhans' cell systems. The results indicate that occlusion with the systems used in this experiment provokes only slight or no skin irritation.

Skin Sensitivity and Transdermal Drug Delivery

“…Manufacturers therefore advise rotating the site of application of patches. Whether occlusion of the skin affects Langerhans' cells is a matter of debate (Lindberg & Forslind 1981;Nieboer et al 1987). …”

Skin Sensitivity and Transdermal Drug Delivery

“…Manufacturers therefore advise rotating the site of application of patches. Whether occlusion of the skin affects Langerhans' cells is a matter of debate (Lindberg & Forslind 1981;Nieboer et al 1987). …”

Recent advances in epicutaneous immunotherapy and potential applications in food allergy

“…This reservoir function of the SC has indeed been documented for a wide range of small molecules administered through conventional TDDS, allowing for a progressive release of the drugs for a sustained period following patch removal ( 87 – 90 ). In contrast to mechanical skin disruption, occlusion does not elicit skin irritation and has even been shown to decrease the expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1β in intact mouse skin, suggesting that this strategy is particularly adapted to the induction of tolerogenic LCs ( 91 , 92 ). In that context, the University of Osaka developed an occlusive hydrophilic gel (HG) patch aiming to promote rapid and sustained hydration of the SC, thus enhancing the permeation of high molecular weight proteins (initially vaccine antigens) ( 93 ).…”

Ist der Psoriasis-Plaque-Test im Zeitalter der Biologics noch aktuell?

“…5-15 Tage in Abhän-dass über eine genügend lange Zeit konsekutiv durchgeführter Okklusivtherapie auch ohne Wirkstoffanwendung eine kontinuierliche Verbesserung der psoriatischen Läsionen resultiert, sollte der PPT in der Regel nicht länger als maximal[15][16][17][18][19][20] Tage durchgeführt werden. Eigene Erfahrungen weisen aus, dass ansonsten zunehmend der Okklusiveffekt zum Tragen kommt und sich die mit unterschiedlichen Wirkstoffen behandelten Areale in ihrer Restaktivität zunehmend angleichen können.…”

Skin Sensitivity and Transdermal Drug Delivery

“…Manufacturers therefore advise rotating the site of application of patches. Whether occlusion of the skin affects Langerhans' cells is a matter of debate (Lindberg & Forslind 1981;Nieboer et al 1987). …”

Recent advances in epicutaneous immunotherapy and potential applications in food allergy

“…This reservoir function of the SC has indeed been documented for a wide range of small molecules administered through conventional TDDS, allowing for a progressive release of the drugs for a sustained period following patch removal ( 87 – 90 ). In contrast to mechanical skin disruption, occlusion does not elicit skin irritation and has even been shown to decrease the expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1β in intact mouse skin, suggesting that this strategy is particularly adapted to the induction of tolerogenic LCs ( 91 , 92 ). In that context, the University of Osaka developed an occlusive hydrophilic gel (HG) patch aiming to promote rapid and sustained hydration of the SC, thus enhancing the permeation of high molecular weight proteins (initially vaccine antigens) ( 93 ).…”

Ist der Psoriasis-Plaque-Test im Zeitalter der Biologics noch aktuell?

“…5-15 Tage in Abhän-dass über eine genügend lange Zeit konsekutiv durchgeführter Okklusivtherapie auch ohne Wirkstoffanwendung eine kontinuierliche Verbesserung der psoriatischen Läsionen resultiert, sollte der PPT in der Regel nicht länger als maximal[15][16][17][18][19][20] Tage durchgeführt werden. Eigene Erfahrungen weisen aus, dass ansonsten zunehmend der Okklusiveffekt zum Tragen kommt und sich die mit unterschiedlichen Wirkstoffen behandelten Areale in ihrer Restaktivität zunehmend angleichen können.…”

Skin Sensitivity and Transdermal Drug Delivery

“…Manufacturers therefore advise rotating the site of application of patches. Whether occlusion of the skin affects Langerhans' cells is a matter of debate (Lindberg & Forslind 1981;Nieboer et al 1987). …”

Recent advances in epicutaneous immunotherapy and potential applications in food allergy

“…This reservoir function of the SC has indeed been documented for a wide range of small molecules administered through conventional TDDS, allowing for a progressive release of the drugs for a sustained period following patch removal ( 87 – 90 ). In contrast to mechanical skin disruption, occlusion does not elicit skin irritation and has even been shown to decrease the expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1β in intact mouse skin, suggesting that this strategy is particularly adapted to the induction of tolerogenic LCs ( 91 , 92 ). In that context, the University of Osaka developed an occlusive hydrophilic gel (HG) patch aiming to promote rapid and sustained hydration of the SC, thus enhancing the permeation of high molecular weight proteins (initially vaccine antigens) ( 93 ).…”

Ist der Psoriasis-Plaque-Test im Zeitalter der Biologics noch aktuell?

“…5-15 Tage in Abhän-dass über eine genügend lange Zeit konsekutiv durchgeführter Okklusivtherapie auch ohne Wirkstoffanwendung eine kontinuierliche Verbesserung der psoriatischen Läsionen resultiert, sollte der PPT in der Regel nicht länger als maximal[15][16][17][18][19][20] Tage durchgeführt werden. Eigene Erfahrungen weisen aus, dass ansonsten zunehmend der Okklusiveffekt zum Tragen kommt und sich die mit unterschiedlichen Wirkstoffen behandelten Areale in ihrer Restaktivität zunehmend angleichen können.…”