The effect of model sealant solutions on the properties of gypsum

To Evaluate and Compare the Effect of Commercially Available Model Hardening Agent on Surface Hardness and Surface Roughness of Refractory Investment Materials: An In-Vitro Study

“…The particles of this salt can block or partially block and penetrate and fill the superficial pores of the investment material. 20 Lindquist et al measured three different commercial products of type IV and one commercial product of type V gypsum material with application of two different surface die hardeners. The abrasion resistance was evaluated using the application of stylus on abrasion device to each group of specimens.…”

To Evaluate and Compare the Effect of Commercially Available Model Hardening Agent on Surface Hardness and Surface Roughness of Refractory Investment Materials: An In-Vitro Study

“…The particles of this salt can block or partially block and penetrate and fill the superficial pores of the investment material. 20 Lindquist et al measured three different commercial products of type IV and one commercial product of type V gypsum material with application of two different surface die hardeners. The abrasion resistance was evaluated using the application of stylus on abrasion device to each group of specimens.…”

A micro-mechanical evaluation of the effects of die hardener on die stone

“…1) revealed that the major additional element associated with the die hardener is carbon. Moreover, other literature mentioned that the active component of die hardeners may be cyanoacrylate resin, ketone-based resin, self-polymerizing oil and resin, and epoxy resin [2][3][4][5][6][7]12) . Therefore, it is reasonable to speculate that the active ingredients of the PDQ die hardener are resins.…”

“…This became a popular technique because of the ease of application and low cost. Different materials, such as cyanoacrylate, die sealants, epoxy, acrylic styrene and resins, have been utilized as die hardeners [3][4][5][6][7] . However, the reports are contradictory regarding the efficacy of die hardener to protect the gypsum surface.…”

Surface Coating of Gypsum‐Based Molds for Maxillofacial Prosthetic Silicone Elastomeric Material: The Surface Topography

“…Considering that gypsum can be easily modified by treating or coating via physical and chemical processes, researchers showed that any slight modification can be applied to produce materials suitable for various purposes . Several materials, such as die sealants, cyanoacrylate, acrylic styrene, epoxy, and resins, have been used to coat gypsum molds with a resin film to increase abrasion resistance; these materials have also been commonly used to develop convenient applications at low costs . In general, these coatings reduce surface abrasion and surface fracture, particularly at critical margin areas of a mold; however, the surface roughness of silicone maxillofacial tissue should be improved because the tissue surface of prostheses significantly affects microbial adhesion and proper tissue adaptation of prostheses.…”

“…8 Several materials, such as die sealants, cyanoacrylate, acrylic styrene, epoxy, and resins, have been used to coat gypsum molds with a resin film to increase abrasion resistance; these materials have also been commonly used to develop convenient applications at low costs. [9][10][11][12][13][14] In general, these coatings reduce surface abrasion and surface fracture, particularly at critical margin areas of a mold; however, the surface roughness of silicone maxillofacial tissue should be improved because the tissue surface of prostheses significantly affects microbial adhesion and proper tissue adaptation of prostheses. In previous studies, glass slides were used to prepare silicone, and surface roughness was determined.…”

To Evaluate and Compare the Effect of Commercially Available Model Hardening Agent on Surface Hardness and Surface Roughness of Refractory Investment Materials: An In-Vitro Study

“…The particles of this salt can block or partially block and penetrate and fill the superficial pores of the investment material. 20 Lindquist et al measured three different commercial products of type IV and one commercial product of type V gypsum material with application of two different surface die hardeners. The abrasion resistance was evaluated using the application of stylus on abrasion device to each group of specimens.…”

A micro-mechanical evaluation of the effects of die hardener on die stone

“…1) revealed that the major additional element associated with the die hardener is carbon. Moreover, other literature mentioned that the active component of die hardeners may be cyanoacrylate resin, ketone-based resin, self-polymerizing oil and resin, and epoxy resin [2][3][4][5][6][7]12) . Therefore, it is reasonable to speculate that the active ingredients of the PDQ die hardener are resins.…”

“…This became a popular technique because of the ease of application and low cost. Different materials, such as cyanoacrylate, die sealants, epoxy, acrylic styrene and resins, have been utilized as die hardeners [3][4][5][6][7] . However, the reports are contradictory regarding the efficacy of die hardener to protect the gypsum surface.…”

Surface Coating of Gypsum‐Based Molds for Maxillofacial Prosthetic Silicone Elastomeric Material: The Surface Topography

“…Considering that gypsum can be easily modified by treating or coating via physical and chemical processes, researchers showed that any slight modification can be applied to produce materials suitable for various purposes . Several materials, such as die sealants, cyanoacrylate, acrylic styrene, epoxy, and resins, have been used to coat gypsum molds with a resin film to increase abrasion resistance; these materials have also been commonly used to develop convenient applications at low costs . In general, these coatings reduce surface abrasion and surface fracture, particularly at critical margin areas of a mold; however, the surface roughness of silicone maxillofacial tissue should be improved because the tissue surface of prostheses significantly affects microbial adhesion and proper tissue adaptation of prostheses.…”

“…8 Several materials, such as die sealants, cyanoacrylate, acrylic styrene, epoxy, and resins, have been used to coat gypsum molds with a resin film to increase abrasion resistance; these materials have also been commonly used to develop convenient applications at low costs. [9][10][11][12][13][14] In general, these coatings reduce surface abrasion and surface fracture, particularly at critical margin areas of a mold; however, the surface roughness of silicone maxillofacial tissue should be improved because the tissue surface of prostheses significantly affects microbial adhesion and proper tissue adaptation of prostheses. In previous studies, glass slides were used to prepare silicone, and surface roughness was determined.…”

To Evaluate and Compare the Effect of Commercially Available Model Hardening Agent on Surface Hardness and Surface Roughness of Refractory Investment Materials: An In-Vitro Study

“…The particles of this salt can block or partially block and penetrate and fill the superficial pores of the investment material. 20 Lindquist et al measured three different commercial products of type IV and one commercial product of type V gypsum material with application of two different surface die hardeners. The abrasion resistance was evaluated using the application of stylus on abrasion device to each group of specimens.…”

A micro-mechanical evaluation of the effects of die hardener on die stone

“…1) revealed that the major additional element associated with the die hardener is carbon. Moreover, other literature mentioned that the active component of die hardeners may be cyanoacrylate resin, ketone-based resin, self-polymerizing oil and resin, and epoxy resin [2][3][4][5][6][7]12) . Therefore, it is reasonable to speculate that the active ingredients of the PDQ die hardener are resins.…”

“…This became a popular technique because of the ease of application and low cost. Different materials, such as cyanoacrylate, die sealants, epoxy, acrylic styrene and resins, have been utilized as die hardeners [3][4][5][6][7] . However, the reports are contradictory regarding the efficacy of die hardener to protect the gypsum surface.…”

Surface Coating of Gypsum‐Based Molds for Maxillofacial Prosthetic Silicone Elastomeric Material: The Surface Topography

“…Considering that gypsum can be easily modified by treating or coating via physical and chemical processes, researchers showed that any slight modification can be applied to produce materials suitable for various purposes . Several materials, such as die sealants, cyanoacrylate, acrylic styrene, epoxy, and resins, have been used to coat gypsum molds with a resin film to increase abrasion resistance; these materials have also been commonly used to develop convenient applications at low costs . In general, these coatings reduce surface abrasion and surface fracture, particularly at critical margin areas of a mold; however, the surface roughness of silicone maxillofacial tissue should be improved because the tissue surface of prostheses significantly affects microbial adhesion and proper tissue adaptation of prostheses.…”

“…8 Several materials, such as die sealants, cyanoacrylate, acrylic styrene, epoxy, and resins, have been used to coat gypsum molds with a resin film to increase abrasion resistance; these materials have also been commonly used to develop convenient applications at low costs. [9][10][11][12][13][14] In general, these coatings reduce surface abrasion and surface fracture, particularly at critical margin areas of a mold; however, the surface roughness of silicone maxillofacial tissue should be improved because the tissue surface of prostheses significantly affects microbial adhesion and proper tissue adaptation of prostheses. In previous studies, glass slides were used to prepare silicone, and surface roughness was determined.…”