The effect of leaf age on infection of <i>Coffea</i> genotypes by <i>Hemileia vastatrix</i>

Coutinho, Teresa A.; Rijkenberg, F. H. J.; Asch, M.A.J. Van

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3059.1994.tb00558.x

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…A general decrease in the infection percentage with time showed the development of some resistance to pathogens by maturing seedlings. This finding agrees with observations made by Coutinho et al (1994) on Coffea canephora. Pathogenic infection of coffee sapling leaves in some cases was so severe that the photosynthetic surfaces were reduced.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 95%

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Wild Robusta Coffee (Coffea Canephora Froehner) Seedling Recruitment and Survival in Kibale National Park, Uganda

1998

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Survival of wild robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) seedlings on the forest understorey in Kibale National Park was monitored and analyzed in response to a number of mortality factors, such as fungal diseases, herbivory, desiccation, trampling, and litter of other plant species. A comparison was made with wild coffee seedlings germinated in the laboratory and transplanted in the Botanic Garden under two light conditions.There was a general decrease in the number of coffee seedlings with time under all treatments and in all sites. Seedling mortality rate was initially rapid but later slowed down to a steady rate. Seedling mortality was highest on plots with intact ground vegetation cover and lowest on plots without ground vegetation and leaf litter. In the Botanic Garden, seedlings grown on plots partially illuminated had a much lower mortality rate and longer half-life than those grown on fully illuminated plots.Fungal infection affected the largest percentage of coffee seedlings, followed by herbivory. Trampling had the least effect on coffee seedlings. The effects of all mortality factors on coffee seedlings decreased with age under all treatments.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 95%

“…Kummer causes root rot in coffee (Cambrony, 1992). Infection of coffee leaves with H. vestatrix has been observed to decline with age (Coutinho et al, 1994). Coffea canephora has been observed to be resistant to leaf rust caused by H. vestatrix (Montagnon et al, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Wild Robusta Coffee (Coffea Canephora Froehner) Seedling Recruitment and Survival in Kibale National Park, Uganda

1998

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“…cesses on leaves are affected by the developmental We know of no studies on the effect of leaf injury by history of the leaves which, in turn, is a product of insect herbivores on the process of infection by a leaf age, the abiotic environment, previous infec-biotrophic foliar pathogen. tion and herbivory (Kiic, 1982;Nicholson & It is well documented that earlier infection by a Hammerschmidt, 1992;Coutinho, Rijkenberg & foliar pathogen might induce local and systemic van Asch, 1994;Hatcher et al, 1994a, b).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Older leaves are generally more resistant to fungal infection than younger ones (Pretorius, Rijkenberg &Wilcoxson, 1988;Taylor & Minis, 1991 ;Coutinho et al, 1994). In adult plant resistance (in cereals) the youngest leaves, higher up the stem, are relatively resistant when they emerge, and stay resistant as they mature (Jones & Clifford, 1978).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of natural and simulated insect herbivory, and leaf age, on the process of infection of Rumex crispus L. and R. obtusifolius L. by Uromyces rumicis (Schum.) Wint.

1995

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summary The development of uredinia of Uromyces rumicis (Schum.) Wint. was studied on Rumex crispus L. and R. obtusifolius L. plants inoculated in the laboratory. Fewer uredinia developed on leaves injured by simulated insect herbivory, those fed upon by Gastrophysa viridula Degeer (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), and young, incompletely expanded leaves, than on uninjured, fully expanded control leaves. The effect of simulated herbivory and leaf age on the process of U. rumicis infection was investigated using Calcofluor staining and epifluorescence microscopy. Simulated insect herbivory reduced significantly the proportion of sporelings producing appressoria and the proportion of sporelings with appressoria that entered the substomatal cavity. In R. obtusifolius, leaf injury also reduced the proportion of penetration hyphae that formed substomatal vesicles. The proportion of sporelings that produced intercellular hyphae in injured leaves was reduced by 58 % in R. crispus and 89 % in R. obtusifolius. G. viridula feeding induced similar resistance in R. obtusifolius leaves. Simulated insect herbivory reduced both uredinial density and the area occupied by intercellular hyphae by between 65% and 89%. Injury had a greater effect than leaf age on sporelings in the pre‐haustorial stages of development. However, the total area occupied by intercellular hyphae in young leaves was reduced by between 42% and 78% compared to mature leaves, owing to a lower uredinial density and, in R. obtusifolius, also to a significant reduction in the size of individual uredinia.

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“…Similarly, feeding by the adult weevil Neochetina eichhorniae Warner decreased as leaf age of waterhyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes , increased (Center & Wright, 1991). Younger leaves can also be less resistant than older leaves to fungal infection (Taylor & Mims, 1991; Coutinho et al. , 1994).…”

Section: Effects Of Weed Cutting On Insects and Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining physical, cultural and biological methods: prospects for integrated non‐chemical weed management strategies

Hatcher

Melander²

2003

Weed Research

136

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Physical, cultural and biological methods for weed control have developed largely independently and are often concerned with weed control in different systems: physical and cultural control in annual crops and biocontrol in extensive grasslands. We discuss the strengths and limitations of four physical and cultural methods for weed control: mechanical, thermal, cutting, and intercropping, and the advantages and disadvantages of combining biological control with them. These physical and cultural control methods may increase soil nitrogen levels and alter microclimate at soil level; this may be of benefit to biocontrol agents, although physical disturbance to the soil and plant damage may be detrimental. Some weeds escape control by these methods; we suggest that these weeds may be controlled by biocontrol agents. It will be easiest to combine biological control with fire and cutting in grasslands; within arable systems it would be most promising to combine biological control (especially using seed predators and foliar pathogens) with cover-cropping, and mechanical weeding combined with foliar bacterial and possibly foliar fungal pathogens. We stress the need to consider the timing of application of combined control methods in order to cause least damage to the biocontrol agent, along with maximum damage to the weed and to consider the wider implications of these different weed control methods.

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The effect of leaf age on infection of Coffea genotypes by Hemileia vastatrix

Cited by 16 publications

References 25 publications

Wild Robusta Coffee (Coffea Canephora Froehner) Seedling Recruitment and Survival in Kibale National Park, Uganda

Wild Robusta Coffee (Coffea Canephora Froehner) Seedling Recruitment and Survival in Kibale National Park, Uganda

The effect of natural and simulated insect herbivory, and leaf age, on the process of infection of Rumex crispus L. and R. obtusifolius L. by Uromyces rumicis (Schum.) Wint.

Combining physical, cultural and biological methods: prospects for integrated non‐chemical weed management strategies

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