“…More specifically, previous research has neglected identifying appropriate actions and strategies taken by leaders in times of crisis and the effectiveness of these strategies based on the company's capabilities (Bundy et al, 2016;Kunc & Bandahari, 2011), especially in terms of SME context (Appelbaum et al, 2012;Randall, 2018). Some researchers agree that intellectual capital components such as organizational capital, social capital, and human capital can add value to a company's goals (Khalique et al, 2013b;Absah et al, 2018;Nhon et al, 2018). Human capital, for example, with a level of education, experience, knowledge, social skills, innovation, and attitude in carrying out its work, will create value to achieve goals.…”