Abstract:In order to understand the biological activity of humic substances (HS), the effect of four humic acids (HA) and one fulvic acid (FA) on seed germination and early growth of cosmopolitan weed Chenopodium album agg. were tested. Humic substances of diverse origin were used, namely purified commercial HA, HA isolated from lignite, cambisol and podzol, and FA from mountain spruce forest soil. Data processing by two-way ANOVA has shown that type of the tested substances was a more important factor on seed developm… Show more
“…The findings of this experiment suggest that the highest germination percentage for varieties belongs to G1 and that, when they were exposed to germination promoters, HS achieved a higher germination for both G1 and G2 (Table 2 and 3). These results match the findings of authors such as Rodrigues et al (2017) and Šerá and Novák (2011), who assessed the effect of treating maize seeds with a humic acid-based commercial product and found that humic acid promotes a greater growth of seedlings, in addition to greater dry mass of maize sprouts. These results have a positive influence on the emergence rate index, up to doses of 158 mL 100 kg 1 seeds.…”
Section: Germination Percentagesupporting
confidence: 89%
“…These results have a positive influence on the emergence rate index, up to doses of 158 mL 100 kg 1 seeds. For their part, Šerá and Novák (2011) used seeds of Lamb's Quarters (Chenopodium album agg.) and determined that the main differences in germination and length of sprouts occurred during the first days of the experiment.…”
Objective: Plant life begins at germination. Stimulating germination with chemical methods can be advantageous. The pregerminative treatment of four promoters was determined in two maize genotypes (G1, G2).
Design/methodology/approach: Sixty seeds per Petri dish were used as experimental unit with three repetitions, organized in a completely randomized 2×4 factorial design. Two factors were taken into consideration: A) Genotypes (G1, G2); and B) four pregerminative promoters. The genotypes were Antelope G1 and yellow Antelope G2. Meanwhile, the pregerminative promoters were salicylic acid (C7H6O3) (SA), citrulline (C6H13N3O3) (CI), humic substances derived from leonardite (HS), and tap water (TW), in 1000-ppm concentrations. The following variables were evaluated: germination percentage (GP)/days-1, radicle diameter (RD), radicle length (RL), and number of lateral seminal roots (NSR). An analysis of variance and Tukey tests (α £ 0.05) were performed.
Results: The germination promoters were highly significant in both genotypes, as well as during the promoter-genotype interaction. G1 and G2 means showed a higher growth and development for humic substances (HS) during germination in the NSR.
Study Limitations/Implications: Germination can be inhibited, if the promoters are overweighted.
Findings/Conclusions: The best genotype and germination promoter (G2) had a 94% effectiveness and HS at 1000 ppm. CI and SA registered the lowest GP.
“…The findings of this experiment suggest that the highest germination percentage for varieties belongs to G1 and that, when they were exposed to germination promoters, HS achieved a higher germination for both G1 and G2 (Table 2 and 3). These results match the findings of authors such as Rodrigues et al (2017) and Šerá and Novák (2011), who assessed the effect of treating maize seeds with a humic acid-based commercial product and found that humic acid promotes a greater growth of seedlings, in addition to greater dry mass of maize sprouts. These results have a positive influence on the emergence rate index, up to doses of 158 mL 100 kg 1 seeds.…”
Section: Germination Percentagesupporting
confidence: 89%
“…These results have a positive influence on the emergence rate index, up to doses of 158 mL 100 kg 1 seeds. For their part, Šerá and Novák (2011) used seeds of Lamb's Quarters (Chenopodium album agg.) and determined that the main differences in germination and length of sprouts occurred during the first days of the experiment.…”
Objective: Plant life begins at germination. Stimulating germination with chemical methods can be advantageous. The pregerminative treatment of four promoters was determined in two maize genotypes (G1, G2).
Design/methodology/approach: Sixty seeds per Petri dish were used as experimental unit with three repetitions, organized in a completely randomized 2×4 factorial design. Two factors were taken into consideration: A) Genotypes (G1, G2); and B) four pregerminative promoters. The genotypes were Antelope G1 and yellow Antelope G2. Meanwhile, the pregerminative promoters were salicylic acid (C7H6O3) (SA), citrulline (C6H13N3O3) (CI), humic substances derived from leonardite (HS), and tap water (TW), in 1000-ppm concentrations. The following variables were evaluated: germination percentage (GP)/days-1, radicle diameter (RD), radicle length (RL), and number of lateral seminal roots (NSR). An analysis of variance and Tukey tests (α £ 0.05) were performed.
Results: The germination promoters were highly significant in both genotypes, as well as during the promoter-genotype interaction. G1 and G2 means showed a higher growth and development for humic substances (HS) during germination in the NSR.
Study Limitations/Implications: Germination can be inhibited, if the promoters are overweighted.
Findings/Conclusions: The best genotype and germination promoter (G2) had a 94% effectiveness and HS at 1000 ppm. CI and SA registered the lowest GP.
“…Gupta and Gupta (2011) reported that application of anaerobically digested PM delayed seed germination in comparison with diluted digested (i.e., dilution from 100% to 50% with H 2 O). This delayed has been attributed to the humic acids that formed in digested manure during anaerobic digestion (Bacilio et al, 2003;Šerá and Novák, 2011).…”
Section: Seed Germination Plant Tillering and Plant Heightmentioning
Digesting animal manure anaerobically before applying it as fertilizer may be affected crop production differently compared to non-digested, particularly in desert soils. A pot experiment was carried out to evaluate three nondigested dry matter (NDM) and digested dry matter (DM) farmyard manures (cattle, poultry, and sheep) and their combinations with urea on the wheat crop cultivated in desert soil. Fertilizers were applied at rates corresponding to 50, 150, and 250 kg total nitrogen ha −1. During the growing period, seed germination percentage (SGP), plant height, plant tillering percentage (PTP), and deficiency symptoms were assessed. Furthermore, total biomass yield and relative yields of ear, straw, and root fractions were measured at harvest. Results showed that high application of DM reduced SGP significantly (P < 0.05), especially at the combination with urea. PTP was higher in non-digested manure treatments of sheep and poultry than DM, and also higher in digested cattle manure treatments than NDM, while it was zero in all urea treatments and control. Deficiency symptoms were seen in the treatments of low application rate as well as in all urea treatments and control. Plant height and biomass yield generally increased in NDM and DM treatments compared with urea treatments and the control. Beneficial of DM was seen in cattle and poultry manure (PM) treatments where they significantly (P < 0.05) yielded higher root, ears, and total biomass compared to NDM. However, non-digested sheep and PM yielded higher straw biomass than DM. The combination of non-digested and digested manure with urea gave the maximum biomass yield, especially in combination with digested PM.
“…All the experiments were performed in duplicate. Germination tests were not performed, since they have been already studied for the humic acid extracted from South-Moravian lignite by Šerá and Novák (2011), when germination stimulating effects have been proven for this humic acid even on non-cultural plant of Lamb’s Quarters ( Chenopodium album ). Similarly, the stress tests on the plants have not been applied, since the plants seemed to present uniform leave numbers, lengths and areas and these would be far beyond the scope of this work.Figure 1
Placing the germs in testing polystyrene containers, with 30 germs per container and each 5 of them placed in a marked position on a floating styrofoam bed to be observed later for root length and division.…”
The positive effect of humic acids on the growth of plant roots is well known, however, the mechanisms and role of their physical structure in these processes have not been fully explained yet. In this work, South-Moravian lignite was oxidized by means of nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide to produce a set of regenerated humic acids. The elemental composition, solid state stability and solution characteristics were determined and correlated in vitro with their biological activity. A modified hydroponic method was applied to determine the effects of their potassium salts on Zea mays seedlings roots with respect to the plant weight, root length, root division, and starch and protein content. The relations between the determined parameters were evaluated through Principal Component Analysis and Pearson’s correlation coefficients. The results indicated that the most important factor determining the biological activity of South-Moravian lignite potassium humates is related to the nature of self-assemblies, while the chemical composition had no direct connection with the root growth of Zea mays seedlings. It was demonstrated a controlled processing that provided humic substances with different chemical and physicochemical properties and variable biological activity.
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