“…Second, innovative work behavior has been shown to be positively associated with innovation outcomes (Fu et al, 2015). Finally, innovation can be stimulated by HRM through an emergence-enabling strategy (Li et al, in press;Wang & Zatzick, 2015). Given that EDI refers to innovations that are developed by 'regular' employees who are not overtly expected to be innovative (Montag et al, 2012) and who, because of this, are often constrained by norms, rules, and procedures, we include formalization as a structural factor.…”