“…In May 2011, the international oil market entered down cycle, which reached a nadir of 26.66 dollars per barrel in February 2016. In addition, China's economy has continued to grow rapidly since the reform and opening up, driving oil demand to rise rapidly (Chen & Zhu, 2019; Wen et al, 2019; Zhang, Shi, & Yu, 2018). To meet domestic oil demand, China's crude oil imports have also risen rapidly, which makes its dependence on oil imports very high (Chen & Zhu, 2019; Gong & Lin, 2018a; Jiao, Zuo, Li, Yuan, & Li, 2017; Xiao, Hu, Ouyang, & Wen, 2019).…”