The Effect of Ergothioneine on Clastogenic Potential and Mutagenic Activity

Schauss, Alexander G.; Béres, Erzsébet; Vértesi, Adél; Frank, Zsuzsanna; Pasics, Ilona; Endres, John R.; Aruoma, Okezie I.; Hirka, Gábor

doi:10.1177/1091581811405856

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Further studies are needed to test the clinical efficacy of ET. However, ET is a safe (to date no studies have demonstrated any evidence of any adverse or mutagenic effects in animals and humans from supplementation , even at extremely high doses ), naturally occurring (present in a wide range of foods), compound that is actively accumulated in the body . Furthermore, the European Food Safety Authority has given approval for ET (Tetrahedron) to be used as a dietary supplement .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of amyloid‐induced toxicity by ergothioneine in a transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans model

Cheah

et al. 2019

FEBS Letters

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The abnormal accumulation of β‐amyloid peptide (Aβ) is recognized as a central component in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease. While many aspects of Aβ‐mediated neurotoxicity remain elusive, Aβ has been associated with numerous underlying pathologies, including oxidative and nitrosative stress, inflammation, metal ion imbalance, mitochondrial dysfunction, and even tau pathology. Ergothioneine (ET), a naturally occurring thiol/thione‐derivative of histidine, has demonstrated antioxidant and neuroprotective properties against various oxidative and neurotoxic stressors. This study investigates ET’s potential to counteract Aβ‐toxicity in transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans overexpressing a human Aβ peptide. The accumulation of Aβ in this model leads to paralysis and premature death. We show that ET dose‐dependently reduces Aβ‐oligomerization and extends the lifespan and healthspan of the nematodes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of amyloid‐induced toxicity by ergothioneine in a transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans model

Cheah

et al. 2019

FEBS Letters

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“…Notwithstanding the highly variable intake between individuals (358) , however, a number of high-dose studies have indicated that ERG is safe for mammalian consumption at levels far in excess of those likely to be encountered in foodstuffs (125,131,359,360) , and it has been declared safe by relevant committees such as those of the European Food Standards Agency (361,362) . It also lacks any detectable mutagenicity or genotoxicity in such assays, even at very high doses (363,364) .…”

Section: Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

The biology of ergothioneine, an antioxidant nutraceutical

et al. 2020

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Ergothioneine (ERG) is an unusual thio-histidine betaine amino acid that has potent antioxidant activities. It is synthesised by a variety of microbes, especially fungi (including in mushroom fruiting bodies) and actinobacteria, but is not synthesised by plants and animals who acquire it via the soil and their diet, respectively. Animals have evolved a highly selective transporter for it, known as solute carrier family 22, member 4 (SLC22A4) in humans, signifying its importance, and ERG may even have the status of a vitamin. ERG accumulates differentially in various tissues, according to their expression of SLC22A4, favouring those such as erythrocytes that may be subject to oxidative stress. Mushroom or ERG consumption seems to provide significant prevention against oxidative stress in a large variety of systems. ERG seems to have strong cytoprotective status, and its concentration is lowered in a number of chronic inflammatory diseases. It has been passed as safe by regulatory agencies, and may have value as a nutraceutical and antioxidant more generally.

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“…Furthermore, no observable effects were seen on fertility, gestation, and delivery at 725 mg/kg/day, nor were any adverse clinical or physiological indications seen in the litter [ 280 ]. Schauss et al [ 281 , 282 ] also established the absence of any mutagenic and clastogenic effects due to ET administration. US FDA approved the status of “generally recognized as safe” (GRAS), and additionally, the European Food Safety Authority has granted approval for the use of ET as a food supplement even in infants, toddlers, and pregnant and lactating women [ 283 , 284 ].…”

Section: Safety Of Ergothioneinementioning

confidence: 99%

Could Ergothioneine Aid in the Treatment of Coronavirus Patients?

Cheah

Halliwell

2020

Antioxidants

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Infection with SARS-CoV-2 causes the coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19), a pandemic that has, at present, infected more than 11 million people globally. Some COVID-19 patients develop a severe and critical illness, spurred on by excessive inflammation that can lead to respiratory or multiorgan failure. Numerous studies have established the unique array of cytoprotective properties of the dietary amino acid ergothioneine. Based on studies in a range of in vitro and in vivo models, ergothioneine has exhibited the ability to modulate inflammation, scavenge free radicals, protect against acute respiratory distress syndrome, prevent endothelial dysfunction, protect against ischemia and reperfusion injury, protect against neuronal damage, counteract iron dysregulation, hinder lung and liver fibrosis, and mitigate damage to the lungs, kidneys, liver, gastrointestinal tract, and testis, amongst many others. When compiled, this evidence suggests that ergothioneine has a potential application in the treatment of the underlying pathology of COVID-19. We propose that ergothioneine could be used as a therapeutic to reduce the severity and mortality of COVID-19, especially in the elderly and those with underlying health conditions. This review presents evidence to support that proposal.

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The Effect of Ergothioneine on Clastogenic Potential and Mutagenic Activity

Cited by 15 publications

References 14 publications

Inhibition of amyloid‐induced toxicity by ergothioneine in a transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans model

Inhibition of amyloid‐induced toxicity by ergothioneine in a transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans model

The biology of ergothioneine, an antioxidant nutraceutical

Could Ergothioneine Aid in the Treatment of Coronavirus Patients?

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