The effect of electronic-cigarettes aerosol on rat brain lipid profile

Cardenia, Vladimiro; Vivarelli, Fabio; Cirillo, Silvia; Paolini, Moreno; Canistro, Donatella; Rodríguez‐Estrada, Maria Teresa

doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2018.07.027

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Gene enrichment analyses revealed a significant change (p = 0.049) in the expression of lncRNAs involved in steroid binding in the plasma-derived exosomes from E-cig users as compared to their nonsmoking controls. This supports the findings from previous studies that show disruption in lipid metabolism on E-cig use [59][60][61].…”

Section: Plos Onesupporting

confidence: 91%

Differential plasma exosomal long non-coding RNAs expression profiles and their emerging role in E-cigarette users, cigarette, waterpipe, and dual smokers

et al. 2020

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Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are the varied set of transcripts that play a critical role in biological processes like gene regulation, transcription, post-transcriptional modification, and chromatin remodeling. Recent studies have reported the presence of lncRNAs in the exosomes that are involved in regulating cell-to-cell communication in lung pathologies including lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). In this study, we compared the lncRNA profiles in the plasma-derived exosomes amongst non-smokers (NS), cigarette smokers (CS), E-cig users (E-cig), waterpipe smokers (WP) and dual smokers (CSWP) using GeneChip™ WT Pico kit for transcriptional profiling. We found alterations in a distinct set of lncRNAs among subjects exposed to E-cig vapor, cigarette smoke, waterpipe smoke and dual smoke with some overlaps. Gene enrichment analyses of the differentially expressed lncRNAs demonstrated enrichment in the lncRNAs involved in crucial biological processes including steroid metabolism, cell differentiation and proliferation. Thus, the characterized lncRNA profiles of the plasma-derived exosomes from smokers, vapers, waterpipe users, and dual smokers will help identify the biomarkers relevant to chronic lung diseases such as COPD, asthma or IPF.

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Section: Plos Onesupporting

confidence: 91%

Differential plasma exosomal long non-coding RNAs expression profiles and their emerging role in E-cigarette users, cigarette, waterpipe, and dual smokers

et al. 2020

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“…On the contrary, effects on PUFAs in EC-users were consistent with a previous study reporting lower concentration of AA in the brains of rats exposed to EC for 8 weeks. 62 In addition, the study of Canistro et al 63 showed that rats exposed to EC for 4 consecutive weeks exhibited significant reduction in the plasma concentrations of a sum measure of various omega-6 PUFAs that included both AA and LA as compared with the nonexposed control group. Importantly, we found that EC-users who had never smoked TCs also exhibited lower LA and AA concentrations in comparison to those who were former TC-smokers, indicating that these effects in chronic EC uses were not due to carryover effect due to TC smoking in the previous years (Figure VIII in the Data Supplement).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electronic and Tobacco Cigarettes Alter Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Oxidative Biomarkers

Gupta

Lin

Luna

et al. 2021

Circulation Research

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Rationale: Chronic electronic cigarette (EC) users exhibit a higher susceptibility of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) to undergo oxidation as compared to non-user controls. However, there is a paucity of data regarding EC effects on lipid peroxidation in the blood and their relationship to cardiovascular risk. Objective: To test the hypothesis that chronic (≥1 year) EC use exerts intermediate effects on plasma lipid peroxidation and/or antioxidant defense compared to chronic tobacco cigarette (TC) smoking. Methods and Results: We enrolled EC-users (n=32), TC-smokers (n=29) and non-users (n=45), with mean ages of 28.3, 27.8 and 27.4 years, respectively. Plasma concentrations of free polyunsaturated fatty acids and oxidized metabolites were assessed by mass spectrometry. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), concentrations of glutathione, bilirubin, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and functional activity of paraoxonase1 (PON1) were determined by colorimetric and enzymatic assays. Multivariable analysis was performed using classification models for segregating participants based on biomarker profiles. Plasma arachidonic acid (AA) concentration was higher in TC-smokers but lower in EC-users, together with linoleic acid (LA) concentration, as compared to TC-smokers and non-users (p<0.05). Oxidized LA metabolites (9- and 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (HODE)) were lower in EC-users and TC-smokers as compared to non-users (p<0.001). Consistently, TAC and bilirubin were elevated in EC-users and TC-smokers as compared to non-users (p<0.05). Of interest, plasma HO-1 concentration was higher in TC-smokers as compared to non-users (p=0.01) with intermediate levels in EC-users. Multivariable analysis identified 5 biomarkers (13-HODE, LA, 9-HODE, 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE), AA) that discriminated EC-users from TC-smokers and non-users with an accuracy of 73.4%. Conclusions: Chronic use of EC induces common (i.e. lower 9- and/or 13-HODEs and higher TAC and bilirubin) as well as differential effects (i.e. altered AA and LA concentrations) to those induced by TC, along with intermediate plasma HO-1 concentration, suggesting that EC, likewise TC smoke, could impact cardiovascular risk.

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“…The exposure apparatus was comparable to those described in previous studies. [11][12][13] The treated group was exposed using a whole-body mode. The inhalation chamber consisted of a propylene chamber (38 × 26.5 × 19 cm) with a capacity of 19 L. The pump (0.18 kW; 1.4/1.6 A; 230 V; 50/60 Hz) was installed on one side of the box, while the IQOS aerosol was puffed on the other, generating the airflow into the chamber.…”

Section: Animal Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Unburned Tobacco Cigarette Smoke Alters Rat Ultrastructural Lung Airways and DNA

Vivarelli

Canistro

Cirillo

et al. 2021

Nicotine &Amp; Tobacco Research

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Introduction Recently, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authorized the marketing of IQOS Tobacco Heating System as a Modified Risk Tobacco Product (MRTP) based on an electronic heat-not-burn technology that purports to reduce the risk. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed in a whole-body mode to IQOS aerosol for 4 weeks. We performed the chemical characterization of IQOS mainstream and we studied the ultrastructural changes in trachea and lung parenchyma of rats exposed to IQOS stick mainstream and tissue pro-inflammatory markers. We investigated the reactive oxygen species (ROS) amount along with the markers of tissue and DNA oxidative damage. Moreover, we tested the putative genotoxicity of IQOS mainstream through Ames and alkaline Comet mutagenicity assays. Results Here, we identified irritating and carcinogenic compounds including aldehydes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the IQOS mainstream as sign of incomplete combustion and degradation of tobacco, that lead to severe remodelling of smaller and largest rat airways. We demonstrated that IQOS mainstream induces lung enzymes that activate carcinogens, increases tissue reactive radical concentration; promotes oxidative DNA breaks and gene level DNA damage; and stimulates mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway which is involved in the conventional tobacco smoke-induced cancer progression. Conclusions Collectively, our findings reveal that IQOS causes grave lung damage and promotes factors that increase cancer risk. Implications IQOS has been proposed as a safer alternative to conventional cigarettes, due to depressed concentration of various harmful constituents typical of traditional tobacco smoke. However, its lower health risks to consumers have yet to be determined. Our findings confirm that IQOS mainstream contains pyrolysis and thermogenic degradation by-products, the same harmful constituents of traditional cigarette smoke, and, for the first time, we show that it causes grave lung damage and promotes factors that increase cancer risk in the animal model.

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The effect of electronic-cigarettes aerosol on rat brain lipid profile

Cited by 18 publications

References 43 publications

Differential plasma exosomal long non-coding RNAs expression profiles and their emerging role in E-cigarette users, cigarette, waterpipe, and dual smokers

Differential plasma exosomal long non-coding RNAs expression profiles and their emerging role in E-cigarette users, cigarette, waterpipe, and dual smokers

Electronic and Tobacco Cigarettes Alter Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Oxidative Biomarkers

Unburned Tobacco Cigarette Smoke Alters Rat Ultrastructural Lung Airways and DNA

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