The Effect of Dissolved Oxygen Concentration on Growth and Differentiation of Carrot (Daucus carota) Tissue

Morphogenic Aspects of Somatic Embryogenesis

“…One aspect of the culture environment which is of particular importance to proliferation in bioreactor cultures (see below) is the gaseous environment. Carrot cell proliferation and embryo differentiation have different optimum levels of dissolved oxygen, with high levels promoting proliferation, while lower levels promote embryo differentiation [125]. Similarly, increasing oxygen concentration to 60% decreased the cell doubling time of poinsettia embryogenic cultures to 40 h, compared to 57 h at 10% [126].…”

“…Ten Hoopen et al [132]), they have also been adapted for production of propagules such as somatic embryos. One of the earliest applications of this design employed a 5-L fermenter to determine the effects of dissolved oxygen on embryogenic carrot cultures (see above section on gaseous culture environment) [125].…”

The types of bioreactors used for shoots and embryos

“…The larger bioreactor such as 5001 was also available for plantlet production by shoot culture (Akita et al 1994). Although most of bioreactors used for embryo culture are quite small, for example 1 to 41 (Kessel & Carr 1972;Styer 1985;Preil et al 1988;Jay et al 1992), large scale embryogenesis using 30 1 and 1 kl aeration-agitation bioreactor was also available for the propagation of rice plantlets (Nursery Technology Inc. 1993).…”

“…The bioreactor type is classifted by impeller structure such as turbine, screw, paddle. Aeration-agitation bioreactors are valuable for cell suspension culture and somatic embryogenesis (Kessel & Carr 1972;Preil et al 1988;Stuart et al 1987;Nursery Technology Inc. 1993), but usually shoots are severly damaged. In mass embryogenesis, at first the suspension culture cells were multiplied using bioreactor then embryogenesis was induced.…”

Culture of photomixotrophic soybean and pine in a modified fermentor using a novel impeller

“…The sparger was replaced by a ceramic air stone (Aquatic Eco-Systems, Inc., Houston, TX) which produced smaller bubbles. Average bubble size was 2-3 mm with the air stone as opposed to [5][6][7][8] mm with the single orifice sparger. The smaller bubble size of the air stone increased the KLa without increasing impeller speed and provided some air-lift agitation.…”